PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
Years of mechanism: 2007 2008 2009
This activity relates to Zambia National Blood Transfusion Service (ZNBTS) (#9049). Sanquin has provided
useful technical assistance, supervisory quality support, and residential training for the ZNBTS since the
inception of PEPFAR in Zambia in 2004. Sanquin will continue to support areas that enable the ZNBTS
strategy which includes improved quality assurance, development of blood products, blood donor
recruitment, blood donor retention, and expanded laboratory capacity. Lead experts from Sanquin provide
routine support through supervisory visits to Zambia to assist in troubleshooting and continued advice on
scale-up and program expansion. Support comes in the form of workshops and on-the-job training. An
additional feature of Sanquin support involves a one month on-site residential training of ZNBTS staff at the
Sanquin headquarters in the Netherlands. Staff is able to gain practical experience in quality assurance,
management, donor services, laboratory supervision, and quality systems for blood transfusion services
with an emphasis on the management aspect.
In FY 2006, the Academic Institute IDTM in collaboration with Sanquin designed and launched a post-
academic Master's degree program in management of blood safety at the University of Groningen in the
Netherlands. The program will combine e-learning and on-site practical residencies. Theory and basic
information on blood safety will be provided via distance learning. Fellows will then be required to spend a
period of six months in the Netherlands working with Sanquin to develop comprehensive, practical,
management skills. In January 2007, two staff from ZNBTS received scholarships and enrolled into the
program. By providing assistance to the ZNBTS in these key areas, which includes human capacity
strengthening, Sanquin will continue to significantly contribute to the overall sustainability of the national
blood service programs.
In December 2006, Sanquin provided technical and financial support toward the successful ZNBTS
stakeholders' meeting to launch a bill designed to strengthen the Zambian legal and regulatory framework
for national blood safety. Sanquin provided legal expertise to help draft the bill and also hosted Zambian
officials in the Netherlands to further learn about the process and importance of creating such a bill. In the
same year Sanquin advised on the redesigning of the Lusaka blood center building in order to improve
process flows of the blood bank operations. The redesigning of the Lusaka blood center will make the
building be in compliance with general accepted Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) and Good
laboratory practices (GLPs) guidelines.
In FY 2008, Sanquin continued to provide valuable trainings for the ZNBTS and hospital in the usage of
blood components such as cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma, platelets, and packed red blood cells,
supporting up to 115 sites. The aim of these trainings is to expand the preparation and usage of blood
components in Zambia. In addition, Sanquin has actively advised hospitals in Zambia to set-up transfusion
committees in order to improve blood safety. The Ndola School of Biomedical Sciences has held several
workshops on blood grouping in order to improve blood safety. (Blood grouping is essential for blood safety
and has direct influence on the safety for patients receiving blood products: mistakes can lead to mortality).
In FY 2009, the workshops will focus on the utilization of standard training manuals and materials by the
ZNBTS and the Ndola School of Biomedical Sciences so that teachers of both institutes can provide the
same theoretical and practical knowledge to future students or new staff members of the ZNBTS and
hospitals.
The Zambian legal and regulatory framework for blood safety, which began in 2006 needs to be finalized
and made effective. Sanquin will advise and guide in this process.
Furthermore Sanquin will advise in identifying suitable counterpart institutions, meetings, and workshops
that provide for knowledge sharing and continuous medical education for professional staff. In FY 2009,
Sanquin will provide technical input in the design of a new blood bank building in Kabwe, which is expected
to be constructed in 2009. To ensure standards, it is expected that the same floor plan drawings which
were used in Lusaka, will be used for the Kabwe building.
In FY 2008, some blood donor centers started using barcodes and electric mix weighing equipment to
improve blood during collections, together with the introduction of electric mix weighing equipment
(standardization). In FY 2009 all blood centers will use barcodes and pre-printed blood type labels.
In FY 2008, some blood donor centers introduced generally accepted techniques for measurement of
hemoglobin in order to make a quick selection of blood donors based on hemoglobin concentration.
Training of staff was performed to meet these standards. In FY 2009 more donor centers will start using
these techniques in order to improve donor selection.
In general, the ZNBTS is improving step-by-step with the primary process of the blood bank. In the coming
years introduction of computer networks and specialized programs need to be investigated (e.g. Laboratory
Information Management Systems or LIMS and general blood bank software) and implemented. Sanquin
will advise and guide through the selection and implementation process.
New/Continuing Activity: Continuing Activity
Continuing Activity: 15562
Continued Associated Activity Information
Activity Activity ID USG Agency Prime Partner Mechanism Mechanism ID Mechanism Planned Funds
System ID System ID
15562 10356.08 HHS/Centers for Sanquin 7182 5460.08 Track 1 - Blood $500,000
Disease Control & Consulting Safety - Sanquin
Prevention Services
10356 10356.07 HHS/Centers for Sanquin 5460 5460.07 Track 1 - Blood $400,000
Program Budget Code: 05 - HMIN Biomedical Prevention: Injection Safety
Total Planned Funding for Program Budget Code: $350,000
Total Planned Funding for Program Budget Code: $0
Table 3.3.05:
