PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
Years of mechanism: 2007 2008 2009
The funding level for this activity in FY 2008 has increased since FY 2007. Narrative changes include
updates on progress made and expansion of activities.
This activity relates to ZNBTS (#9049). Sanquin has provided useful technical assistance, supervisory
quality support, and residential training for the Zambia National Blood Transfusion Service (ZNBTS) since
the inception of PEPFAR in Zambia. Sanquin will continue to support areas that enable the ZNBTS strategy
which includes improved quality assurance, development of blood products, donor recruitment, donor
retention, and expanded laboratory capacity. Lead experts from Sanquin provide routine support through
supervisory visits to Zambia to assist in troubleshooting and continued advice on scale-up and program
expansion. Support comes in the form of workshops and on-the-job training. An additional feature is to bring
ZNBTS staff to the Sanquin headquarters in the Netherlands for one month on-site residential training
focused on training-the-trainer and managerial aspects of operations. There, staff are able to gain practical
experience in quality assurance, management, donor services, laboratory supervision, and quality systems
for blood transfusion services.
In 2007, Sanquin designed and launched a Master's degree program in blood safety with the University of
Groningen in the Netherlands. The program will combine e-learning and on-site practical residencies.
Theory and basic information on blood safety will be provided via distance learning formats. Students will
then be required to spend a period of 4-6 months in the Netherlands working with Sanquin to develop
comprehensively practical management skills. In January 2007, two people from ZNBTS received
scholarships and enrolled into the program. By providing assistance to the ZNBTS in these key areas,
which includes human capacity strengthening, Sanquin will continue to significantly contribute to the overall
sustainability of the national blood service programs.
Also in December 2006, Sanquin provided technical and financial support toward the successful ZNBTS
stakeholders' meeting to launch a Bill designed to strengthen the Zambian legal and regulatory framework
for blood safety. Sanquin provided legal expertise to help draft the bill and also hosted Zambian officials in
the Netherlands to further learn about the process and importance of creating such a bill.
In the same year Sanquin advised on the redesigning of the process flows of the blood bank operations in
order to alter the Lusaka blood center building. With the designed alterations the building will be in
compliance with general accepted GMP and GLP guidelines.
In FY 2008, Sanquin will continue to provide valuable trainings for ZNBTS and hospital staff, namely training
to assist clinicians in areas such as the usage of blood components into cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen
plasma, platelets and packed red blood cells; supporting up to 115 sites. For that aim, the blood component
preparation activities of the blood bank need to be improved and expanded. Sanquin will actively advise in
setting-up Transfusion Committees in Zambian hospitals with an aim to improve for the clinical use of blood
products.
The Zambian legal and regulatory framework for blood safety , which began in 2006 needs to be finalized
and made effective. Sanquin will advise and guide in this context.
Furthermore Sanquin will advise in identifying suitable counterpart institutions, meetings, and workshops
that provide for knowledge sharing and continuous medical education for professional staff.
It is to be expected that a newly designed blood bank building in Kabwe will be constructed. Sanquin will
provide knowledge and advise as was provided for the Lusaka building.
Throughout all donor centers the use of barcodes will be introduced in order to improve safety of blood
collections, together with the introduction of electric mix weighing equipment (standardization).
Finally, the donor selection procedure will be improved by introducing general excepted techniques for the
measurement of hemoglobin concentrations in donors. Equipment, reagents and training of staff is needed
to meet these standards.
In general the ZNBTS is improving step-by-step the primary process of the blood bank. In the coming year's
introduction of computer networks and specialized programs need to be investigated (e.g. Laboratory
Information management Systems or LIMS and general blood bank software) and implemented. Sanquin
will advise and guide through the selection process and implementations.
Targets set for this activity cover a period ending September 30, 2009.
