PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
Years of mechanism: 2007 2008 2009
This activity related to #9022.
Opportunistic infections are common in HIV populations and are a major threat to People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) both prior to diagnosis as well as during care and treatment programs. Global efforts toward detection of tuberculosis are currently in place. However, basic microbiology laboratory services for blood stream and other infections, which have high morbidity in the HIV infected patients, are limited and lack quality.
In fiscal year (FY) 2006, this activity supported an International Experience in Training Assistance (IETA) from CDC Atlanta to spend three months in Zambia assisting and assessing the quality of laboratory care and treatment support for diagnosis of opportunistic infections with particular emphasis on blood stream infection diagnosis. The need for quality controlled blood culture media and training for basic bacteriology laboratory tests such as Gram's stain, culture media preparation and training were key findings. Commercial blood culture bottles are currently being placed at the provincial laboratories and six automated culture systems for detection of blood stream infections were placed within four provincial sites. Currently, CDC Zambia laboratory staff are working to improve the technical capacity and skills of technicians to improve diagnosis of life threatening opportunistic infections such as septicemia and meningitis, which are common among populations with high prevalence of HIV AIDS.
Through this activity 34 staff were trained on blood culture collections and standard procedures for handling and reporting blood cultures and quality control including Gram's stain.
In FY 2007, the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) will continue to provide in-country support for microbiology and opportunistic infections, laboratory systems and strategic planning, standardization of protocols for cost effective testing, antibiotic utilization, infection control and good laboratory and clinical practice as well as assistance with Infant HIV PCR procedures. Activities conducted will include training on the most common bacterial infections and cost-effective diagnostic techniques, improvements in rapid TB culture, and drug susceptibility testing at the national and regional TB reference laboratories. Other activities will include on-site training and consultation for development and standardization of laboratory procedures, improving specimen management, correlation of laboratory results with patient outcomes in other laboratory areas such as chemistry, hematology and CD4 testing. Rapid cost effective diagnostics to improve quality and human resource capacity in the laboratory will be implemented, and good clinical practice as well as assistance with Infant HIV PCR procedures.
Technical experts will provide support to CDC-Zambia laboratory staff and local laboratories for strengthening microbiology services and treatment of opportunistic infections working in collaboration with interdisciplinary health care teams and other partners such as JIPHEGO. Particular support will be provided to the Maina Soko Military, the University Teaching Hospital and provincial laboratories performing basic bacteriology procedures. The technologists provide in-country technical assistance for periods between three to four weeks and return for multiple consultations. This activity provides support for their travel and other costs related to their consultancy to the national laboratory quality assurance program in Zambia. Trainings will be done in consultation with CDC-Zambia or other organizations.
