This activity is a continuation from FY2007 and has not been updated.

This activity relates specifically to activities funded under Other Prevention (OP), Counseling and Testing

(C&T), Palliative Care and Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC). Regional mapping and HIV prevalence

statistics support the need to more effectively target most-at-risk populations (MARPs), especially along

high-prevalence transport corridors. The overall goal of the multisectoral Transport Corridor Initiative,

branded SafeTStop, is to stem HIV transmission and mitigate impact in vulnerable communities along

transport routes in East and Central Africa. In addition to high HIV prevalence, many of these communities,

particularly in outlying areas, are severely underserved by HIV services. To date the Regional Outreach

Addressing AIDS through Development Strategies (ROADS) Project has launched SafeTStop in Burundi,

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. With FY

2008 funds, ROADS will extend and strengthen ongoing activities in Busia, Malaba and Katuna. In FY 2008,

ROADS will expand services to a fourth site in the interior of the country to scale up the program. The

ROADS strategy is to develop comprehensive, integrated programming designed and implemented by

communities themselves, harnessing and strengthening their own resources to enhance long-term

sustainability.

Busia, Malaba and Katuna, ranging from 10,000-30,000 people??not including the mobile populations that

spend time there??are sizable and characterized by high HIV prevalence relative to the national estimate. In

the three sites, truck drivers can spend up to a week waiting to clear customs. The combination of poverty,

high concentration of transient workers, high HIV prevalence, hazardous sexual networking, lack of alcohol-

free recreational facilities, and lack of HIV services have created an environment in which HIV spreads

rapidly. Busia, Malaba and Katuna are important targets for HIV programming in their own right; they are

also bridges of infection to the rest of the country. HIV services in Malaba and Katuna and, to a lesser

extent, Busia remain underdeveloped. While abstinence/being faithful programming has reached some

primary and secondary school students, in partnership with faith-based organizations it can still be scaled

up to reach more truck drivers, community men and women, and out-of-school youth. Programming through

ROADS is addressing critical drivers of the HIV epidemic in these communities, including idleness and the

absence of recreation beyond drinking. Yet there is still a high level of hazardous alcohol consumption in

the community and alarming levels of gender-based exploitation and violence against women, young girls

and boys.

Since launching SafeTStop in Busia and Malaba in mid-2006, ROADS has reached more than 60,000

people with AB messages, including 23,000 youth with abstinence-focused messages, through June 2007.

This has been accomplished in partnership with more than 90 community- and faith-based organizations,

which were organized into "clusters" for joint program planning, training/capacity building and

implementation. With FY 2008 funding, ROADS will strengthen ongoing work to reach 80,000 out-of-school

youth, secondary school students, truck drivers, other men and women, PHA and OVC with AB messages,

and an additional 15,000 primary school students with abstinence-focused messages, during September 1,

2008 and September 1, 2009. This includes the public-private partnership with the Energy Institute of

Uganda to reach mobile and community populations in multiple sites. Recognizing from Uganda data that

abstinence is an effective but temporary strategy, the project will not only promote abstinence-focused

messages, but will also prepare youth for a safe and healthy future. This means that even with younger

youth, ROADS will build norms around fidelity, partner reduction, communication and relationships and build

the skills young people need to delay sexual debut and make healthy choices when they become sexually

active. The project will incorporate these message through faith-based, sports-based and school-based

educational efforts. To accomplish AB goals, the project intends to train 700 people (new and expanded)

during September 1, 2008 and September 1, 2009. ROADS will integrate with existing services, where

possible, as a priority. This will include linking AB activities with such services as C&T (this service is

particularly weak in Malaba and Katuna), ART and PMTCT. ROADS will link and strengthen these services

through the SafeTStop model, which mobilizes the community around HIV prevention, care, treatment and

mitigation services. ROADS will continue to utilize the SafeTStop resource centers established as an

alcohol-free environment for community outreach, including spiritual services, skills building in household

management, and men's discussion groups on norms relating to faithfulness/partner reduction. The

resource centers will also offer internet services to help truckers stay in touch with family during time on the

road. The project will continue strengthening linkages with local health facilities, including pharmacy/drug

shop providers to promote expanded C&T and other services. ROADS will extend its similar community

outreach model in Katuna, mobilizing local CBOs and FBOs to expand AB programming, and potentially

expand to a fourth site in the interior of the country. As in Malaba, Busia and Katuna, the resource center in

the fourth site will provide an alcohol-free recreational site for transient populations and the host community.

Working with community and religious leaders, ROADS will support community action to address stigma,

denial and discrimination as a key HIV prevention strategy. In FY 2008 ROADS will implement a range of

new activities. The project will expand work in primary schools, focusing on creating positive gender norms

through extra-curricular programming such as creating positive self images through are and other forms of

self-expression. ROADS will introduce an innovative MP4 device with AB content for use by drivers on the

road and discussion groups where they stop. SUSTAINABILITY: Almost all partners on the project are local

entities that exist without external funding. As a result project activities are highly sustainable. The majority

of indigenous volunteer groups partnering with the project, including faith-based organizations and schools,

were established without external assistance and will continue functioning over the long term. Local

businesses, traders, market sellers, etc. are also part of the fabric of community life and will be present over

the long term. It is critical to manage the roster of volunteers so that individual volunteers are not

overburdened and do not drop out of the program. ROADS has developed strategies to motivate volunteers

(non-monetary incentives, implementing activities with people in their immediate networks) to minimize

attrition and enhance sustainability.

This activity is a continuation from FY2007 and has not been updated.

This activity relates specifically to activities funded under Abstinence/Being Faithful (AB), Counseling and

Testing (C&T), Palliative Care and Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC). Regional mapping and HIV

prevalence statistics support the need to more effectively target most-at-risk populations (MARPs),

especially along high-prevalence transport corridors. The overall goal of the multi-sectoral Transport

Corridor Initiative, branded SafeTStop, is to stem HIV transmission and mitigate impact in vulnerable

communities along transport routes in East and Central Africa. In addition to high HIV prevalence, many of

these communities, particularly in outlying areas, are severely underserved by HIV services. To date the

Regional Outreach Addressing AIDS through Development Strategies (ROADS) Project has launched

SafeTStop in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan,

Tanzania and Uganda. With FY 2008 funds, ROADS will extend and strengthen ongoing activities in Busia,

Malaba and Katuna. In FY 2008, ROADS will expand services to a fourth site in the interior of the country to

scale up the program. The ROADS strategy is to develop comprehensive, integrated programming that is

designed and implemented by communities themselves, harnessing and strengthening their own resources

to enhance long-term sustainability.

Busia, Malaba and Katuna, ranging from 10,000-30,000 people??not including the mobile populations that

spend time there??are sizable and characterized by high HIV prevalence relative to the national estimate. In

the three sites, truck drivers can spend up to a week waiting to clear customs. The combination of poverty,

high concentration of transient workers, high HIV prevalence, hazardous sexual networking, lack of alcohol-

free recreational facilities, and lack of HIV services have created an environment in which HIV spreads

rapidly. Busia, Malaba and Katuna are important targets for HIV programming in their own right; they are

also bridges of infection to the rest of the country. HIV services in Malaba and Katuna and, to a lesser

extent, Busia remain underdeveloped. While other prevention programming has ad significant impact, it can

still be scaled up to reach more truck drivers, community men and women, and out-of-school youth.

Programming through ROADS is addressing critical drivers of the HIV epidemic in these communities,

including joblessness and the absence of recreation beyond drinking. Yet there is still a high level of

hazardous alcohol consumption in the community and alarming levels of gender-based exploitation and

violence against women, young girls and boys.

Since launching SafeTStop in Busia and Malaba in mid-2006, ROADS has reached more than 50,000

people with other prevention programming (through June 2007). This has been accomplished in partnership

with more than 70 community-based organizations, which were organized into "clusters" for joint program

planning, training/capacity building and implementation. With FY 2008 funding, ROADS will strengthen

ongoing OP programming to reach more than 80,000 truck drivers, commercial sex workers, other

community men and women, and sexually active youth during September 1, 2008 and September 1, 2009.

There will be special emphasis on prevention for positives, including discordant couples. To accomplish OP

goals, including correct and consistent condom use, the project will train 500 people (new and expanded)

during the same period. ROADS will integrate with existing services, where possible, as a priority. This will

include linking OP activities with such services as C&T (this service is particularly weak in Malaba and

Katuna), ART, PMTCT and existing efforts to promote and distribute condoms. In Busia, Malaba and

Katuna, ROADS will continue mobilizing the private sector, especially brothel/bar/guest house owners, and

promote joint action to reduce risk for bargirls and patrons. This will include work with the AFFORD Project

and other PEPFAR partners to provide condoms through 160 outlets. To enhance the community education

effort, local pharmacists/drug shop providers will receive expanded training in managing STIs, condom

promotion and referral for C&T. ROADS will continue to utilize the SafeTStop resource centers as a central

focus for community outreach, offering C&T at regular times convenient for MARPs, HIV peer education,

condom distribution, adult education on life and job skills, psychosocial and spiritual services, men's

discussion groups on male social norms, and internet services to help truckers stay in contact with family

members while away from home. The project will continue strengthening linkages with local health facilities,

including pharmacy/drug shop providers to promote expanded C&T and other services for truck drivers, sex

workers, other community men and women, and sexually active youth. With FY 2008 funds, ROADS will

continue to address stigma, denial and discrimination, joblessness among women and youth (through the

LifeWorks Partnership), alcohol abuse, and gender-based violence as key HIV prevention and care

strategies. This will include addressing male norms that impact women's access to services, legal protection

for women and youth, post-rape services, and legal and law enforcement services. Based on its community

farming model in Malaba, Kenya, the project will also expand food/nutrition support to enhance HIV

prevention, care and treatment. With FY 2008 funds, ROADS will introduce an innovative MP4 device with

OP content for use by drivers on the road and discussion groups where they stop. SUSTAINABILITY:

Almost all partners on the project are local entities that exist without external funding. As a result project

activities are highly sustainable. Indigenous volunteer groups partnering with the project were established

without outside assistance and will continue functioning over the long term. Local businesses, traders,

market sellers, etc. are also part of the fabric of community life and will be present over the long term. It is

critical to manage the roster of volunteers so that individual volunteers are not overburdened and do not

drop out of the program. ROADS has developed strategies to motivate volunteers (non-monetary

incentives, implementing activities with people in their immediate networks) to minimize attrition and

enhance sustainability.

This activity is a continuation from FY2007 and has not been updated.

This activity relates specifically to activities funded under Abstinence/Being Faithful (AB), Other Prevention

(OP), Counseling and Testing (C&T) and Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC). Regional mapping and

HIV prevalence statistics support the need to more effectively target most-at-risk populations (MARPs),

especially along high-prevalence transport corridors. The overall goal of the multi-sectoral Transport

Corridor Initiative, branded SafeTStop, is to stem HIV transmission and mitigate impact in vulnerable

communities along transport routes in East and Central Africa. In addition to high HIV prevalence, many of

these communities, particularly in outlying areas, are severely underserved by HIV services. To date the

Regional Outreach Addressing AIDS through Development Strategies (ROADS) Project has launched

SafeTStop in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan,

Tanzania and Uganda. With FY 2008 funds, ROADS will extend and strengthen ongoing activities in Busia,

Malaba and Katuna. In FY 2008, ROADS will expand services to a fourth site in the interior of the country to

scale up the program. The ROADS strategy is to develop comprehensive, integrated programming that is

designed and implemented by communities themselves, harnessing and strengthening their own resources

to enhance long-term sustainability.

Busia, Malaba and Katuna, ranging from 10,000-30,000 people??not including the mobile populations that

spend time there??are sizable and characterized by high HIV prevalence relative to the national estimate. In

the three sites, truck drivers can spend up to a week waiting to clear customs. The combination of poverty,

high concentration of transient workers, high HIV prevalence, hazardous sexual networking, lack of alcohol-

free recreational facilities, and lack of HIV services have created an environment in which HIV spreads

rapidly. Busia, Malaba and Katuna are important targets for HIV programming in their own right; they are

also bridges of infection to the rest of the country. Palliative care services in Malaba, Katuna and, to a lesser

extent, Busia have been underdeveloped. For example, in Malaba, before ROADS initiated activities in the

community there was little palliative care for people living with HIV and AIDS (PHA) beyond psychosocial

support through a small post-test club meeting weekly at Malaba Health Centre 3. In Busia, PHA have

organized numerous groups to advocate for services, though there are still gaps in care and support,

particularly among faith-based organizations and the private sector. This is among the factors leading PHA

to cross into Kenya for basic palliative care. Similarly, PHA in Katuna have had to travel significant

distances for basic services.

Since launching SafeTStop in Busia and Malaba in mid-2006, ROADS has reach more than 4,000 PHA with

palliative care services, focusing on nutrition, counseling on positive living, prevention for positives, referral

to clinical services, and provision of such non-clinical services as psychosocial and spiritual support.

ROADS has trained 329 individuals to provide palliative care, including 55 pharmacy/drug shop providers,

to offer counseling and referral on palliative care, opportunistic infections and ART. With FY 2008 funds the

project will continue to extend palliative care with partners in Busia, Malaba and Katuna, and begin

strengthening and expanding care in a fourth site to be determined; the project will reach 6,000 people with

palliative care and train 600 caregivers (new and extended) between September 1, 2008 and September 1,

2009. ROADS will continue providing the basic care package developed in Uganda with the U.S. Centers

for Disease Control and Prevention. The package includes condoms, water purification tablets,

cotrimoxazole and isoniazid prophylaxis, insecticide-treated bed nets and micronutrients (including vitamin

A). As part of its family-centered approach to care, HBC volunteers will identify and refer family members for

C&T and other needed services. As part of the micronutrient component, ROADS will continue providing

nutritious food to PHA and their dependents through an adapted community farming model. Nutrition and

agricultural skills-building, along with HIV education, will be integrated into food growing and distribution.

Training in business and entrepreneurial skills and job creation through the LifeWorks Partnership will

enhance economic well-being of AIDS-affected households and caregivers. The project will also harness

the reach and convenience provided by neighborhood pharmacies/drug shops, the first line of care for many

community residents but particularly truck drivers and their immediate networks. Through Howard

University/PACE Center, the project will continue upgrading pharmacy/drug shop providers' skills in

palliative care, including counseling on OIs and ART. The pharmacies/drug shops will expand pharmacy-

based C&T for members of AIDS-affected families and transport workers, and provide outreach for care

through the SafeTStop resource centers. The project will integrate family planning into care and support

programming and expand alcohol counseling and treatment options for PHA, particularly ART patients.

Strengthening care for truck drivers will also be a particular area of emphasis through the Amalgamated

Transport and General Workers Union. Recognizing the emotional and physical toll that HIV care and

support can have on caregivers, ROADS will introduce programming specifically to address the needs of

caregivers, i.e., by providing psychosocial support, education/training in nutrition, medical and social

services, and access to economic strengthening through agriculture and other business development.

SUSTAINABILITY: Almost all partners on the project are local entities that exist without external funding,

including private and most public outlets that offer HIV care and support services. As a result project

activities are highly sustainable. Indigenous volunteer groups partnering with the project, including those

that can provide community-based care and support, were established without outside assistance and will

continue functioning over the long term. It is critical to manage the roster of volunteers so that individual

volunteers are not overburdened and do not drop out of the program. ROADS has developed strategies to

motivate volunteers (non-monetary incentives, implementing activities with people in their immediate

networks) to minimize attrition and enhance sustainability.

This activity is a continuation from FY2007 and has not been updated.

This activity relates specifically to activities funded under Abstinence/Being Faithful (AB), Other Prevention

(OP), Counseling and Testing (C&T) and Palliative Care. Regional mapping and HIV prevalence statistics

support the need to more effectively target most-at-risk populations (MARPs), especially along high-

prevalence transport corridors. The overall goal of the multi-sectoral Transport Corridor Initiative, branded

SafeTStop, is to stem HIV transmission and mitigate impact in vulnerable communities along transport

routes in East and Central Africa. In addition to high HIV prevalence, many of these communities,

particularly in outlying areas, are severely underserved by HIV services, including prevention, care and

mitigation services for OVC. To date the Regional Outreach Addressing AIDS through Development

Strategies (ROADS) Project has launched SafeTStop in Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo,

Djibouti, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. The ROADS strategy is to develop

comprehensive, integrated programming that is designed and implemented by communities themselves,

harnessing and strengthening their own resources to enhance long-term sustainability.

With FY 2008 funds, ROADS will build on lessons learned and best practices in Katuna to introduce direct

ROADS OVC support in Busia, Malaba and a fourth site to be determined. Based on ROADS OVC

assessments and registration documents, the project will tailor OVC support to individual children to meet

their needs in the following areas: food/nutrition, shelter and care, protection, health care (including child

survival), education, economic strengthening and psychosocial support. During September 1, 2008 and

September 1, 2009 the project will reach 2,500 OVC with direct support. ROADS will train 400 caregivers

(new and expanded), including extended family members, teachers, youth, women and faith groups,

community social workers and people living with HIV and AIDS. Recognizing the emotional and physical toll

that orphan care can have on caregivers, ROADS will introduce programming specifically to address the

needs of OVC caregivers, i.e., extended families especially grandparents who have absorbed these children

into their households, by providing psychosocial support, education/training in nutrition and parenting,

medical and social services, access to economic strengthening through agriculture and other business

development, and community-sharing of child support. This will be linked with youth involvement in OVC

and may include regular, organized activities for orphans to provide respite for family and volunteer

caregivers. Youth and FBO clusters will organize social/day care facilities where caregivers can periodically

drop their children while they access care and support services. Older orphans, a large and underserved

population, will be a key focus, recognizing their unique challenges and needs.

The project will expand HIV risk-reduction and care strategies specifically for older OVC, including heads of

households, linking them and siblings with C&T, reproductive health services, psychosocial support, legal

counsel, and emergency care in cases of rape and sexual assault. Children who test HIV-positive will be

referred for pediatric AIDS services. Orphans who raise siblings are under severe pressure to earn income,

often driving them into transactional sex for survival of the family. This is a particularly serious issue in

border sites, where the demand for transactional and transgenerational sex and the potential for trafficking

are high. The project will work with existing child-welfare organizations, faith-based organizations, local

officials and, importantly, the private sector/business community to meet the daily needs of OVC. One

strategy will be to expand the community farming model implemented in Malaba, Kenya, to enhance the

food security of orphan-headed households. However ROADS' efforts will go beyond daily sustenance of

OVC, attempting to secure the longer-term well-being of orphan-headed households. This will entail job

training linked with micro-finance, job creation and other economic opportunities for OVC breadwinners

through the LifeWorks Partnership. To pave the way for greater access to services and OVC involvement in

community life, the project will address the intense stigma and discrimination often faced by children who

have lost one or both parents to AIDS.

In FY08, activities will include sensitization of teachers and health providers to help ensure OVC have full

access to services. Ensuring HIV-positive parents have access to care and treatment will be a key strategy

in forestalling or even preventing orphaning. Effective treatment, coupled with food/nutrition and other

support, should enable many HIV-positive parents to raise their children to adulthood. As a new activity,

ROADS will test a cash-transfer model in Katuna as a methodology for addressing the needs of OVC living

in desperate poverty situations. SUSTAINABILITY: Almost all partners on the project are local entities that

exist without external funding, indigenous volunteer groups caring for OVC. As a result project activities are

highly sustainable. Indigenous volunteer groups partnering with the project, including those that can provide

community-based OVC care and support, were established without outside assistance and will continue

functioning over the long term. It is critical to manage the roster of volunteers so that individual volunteers

are not overburdened and do not drop out of the program. ROADS has developed strategies to motivate

volunteers (non-monetary incentives, implementing activities with people in their immediate networks) to

minimize attrition and enhance sustainability.

This activity relates specifically to activities funded under Abstinence/Being Faithful (AB), Other Prevention

(OP), Palliative Care and Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC). Regional mapping and HIV prevalence

statistics support the need to more effectively target most-at-risk populations (MARPs), especially along

high-prevalence transport corridors. The overall goal of the multi-sectoral Transport Corridor Initiative,

branded SafeTStop, is to stem HIV transmission and mitigate impact in vulnerable communities along

transport routes in East and Central Africa. In addition to high HIV prevalence, many of these communities,

particularly in outlying areas, are severely underserved by HIV services. To date the Regional Outreach

Addressing AIDS through Development Strategies (ROADS) Project has launched SafeTStop in Burundi,

Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. With FY

2008 funds, ROADS will extend and strengthen ongoing activities in Busia, Malaba and Katuna. In FY 2008,

ROADS will expand services to a fourth site in the interior of the country to scale up the program. The

ROADS strategy is to develop comprehensive, integrated programming that is designed and implemented

by communities themselves, harnessing and strengthening their own resources to enhance long-term

sustainability.

Busia, Malaba and Katuna, ranging from 10,000-30,000 people?? not including the mobile populations that

spend time there?? are sizable and characterized by high HIV prevalence relative to the national estimate.

In the three sites, truck drivers can spend up to a week waiting to clear customs. The combination of

poverty, high concentration of transient workers, high HIV prevalence, hazardous sexual networking, lack of

alcohol-free recreational facilities, and lack of HIV services have created an environment in which HIV

spreads rapidly. Busia, Malaba and Katuna are important targets for HIV programming in their own right;

they are also bridges of infection to the rest of the country. Counseling and testing (C&T) services in Busia,

Malaba and Katuna remain underdeveloped and should be scaled up further to meet demand generated by

ROADS community mobilization and outreach. For example, in Malaba the dearth of quality C&T has led

many residents to cross into Kenya for this service. Upgrading of Malaba Health Centre 3 is improving the

situation though there is still a need for C&T at fixed outreach sites during hours convenient for MARPs. In

Busia, lack of quality C&T likewise leads many people to cross into Kenya for services. In Katuna, the

busier and more populous side of the Uganda-Rwanda border, individuals interested in C&T must travel 20

kilometers to the nearest C&T site. In ROADS' interactions with truck drivers, they expressed that one of the

greatest barriers to C&T is that these services are often inaccessible due to distance from the truck stops

and the designated time that service is availed. Service outlets are often closed for the day when truckers

get into the site in the evenings.

Since launching SafeTStop in Busia and Malaba in mid-2006, ROADS has referred approximately 17,000

people for C&T, while training 22 community counselors. This has been accomplished in partnership with

local health providers and associations of people living with HIV and AIDS. The ROADS "cluster" model,

which mobilizes community- and faith-based groups, has generated significant interest in and demand for

C&T. With FY 2008 funds the project will continue to establish and build demand for C&T, reaching 3,000

people with this service between September 1, 2008 and September 1, 2009. Recognizing the shortage of

trained counselors in the sites the project will train 60 individuals in C&T during this same period. Training

will include counseling skills to serve discordant couples, identify and counsel C&T clients with hazardous

drinking behavior, and discuss family planning. ROADS will actively promote testing to all family members

where the index patient is found to be positive. With FY 2008 funds, ROADS will establish 30 C&T outlets in

Busia, Malaba, Katuna and fourth site to be determined, with hours and locations appropriate for MARPs,

particularly truck drivers, their sexual partners and out-of-school youth. Sites will include the SafeTStop

resource centers, which serve as alcohol-free recreation sites and a venue for a range of HIV services. In

conjunction with ROADS partner Howard University/PACE Center, the Pharmaceutical Society and

Pharmacy Board of Uganda, and the Uganda Ministry of Health, the project will pilot C&T services in

pharmacies/drug shops. ROADS will continue to support Malaba Health Centre 3, including purchase of test

kits and limited equipment procurement. As part of ROADS' effort to involve FBOs in C&T provision, the

project will work with Friends of Christ - Revival Ministries in Busia to expand their C&T outreach service.

Importantly, ROADS will organize meetings between C&T staff, health providers and community caregivers

to ensure C&T clients and family members are referred to and from services. As a wrap-around to C&T, the

project will address gender barriers to uptake of C&T and safe disclosure of results. SUSTAINABILITY:

Almost all partners on the project are local entities that exist without external funding, including private and

most public outlets that offer C&T services. As a result project activities are highly sustainable. Indigenous

volunteer groups partnering with the project, including those that can provide community-based C&T (e.g.,

FBOs), were established without outside assistance and will continue functioning over the long term. It is

critical to manage the roster of volunteers so that individual volunteers are not overburdened and do not

drop out of the program. ROADS has developed strategies to motivate volunteers (non-monetary

incentives, implementing activities with people in their immediate networks) to minimize attrition and

enhance sustainability.