PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
Years of mechanism: 2007 2008 2009
This activity relates to HBHC (7187) and MTCT (7208).
Women's land rights are of special concern in Rwanda where most agricultural activities, including both cultivation and marketing, are conducted by women and where 33.9% of households are female-headed (2005 RDHS-III). Women's rights to land are precarious and complicated by such factors as customary practices as to land management, land "ownership," the predominance of informal marriages or consensual unions, and polygamy. Despite a relatively progressive inheritance law, customary patrilineal inheritance patterns continue in Rwanda. These practices, in conjunction with the acute land shortage, translate to fewer land parcels passing to women. Women who do have access to land through their household sometimes lose their access to that land in the event of the breakdown of the household (by way of widowhood, abuse, abandonment, banishment, and polygamy). When women are diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, they are sometimes put off of the land by the spouse or other family members. When women lose their access and rights to land, whether because of HIV/AIDS or because of breakdown of the household, these women frequently are forced to turn to higher-risk behaviors that may increase the incidence of HIV/AIDS. According to the 2005 RDHS-III, 33.2% of widowed women reported being dispossessed of property.
On their faces, Rwanda's 2003 Constitution, recent Land Policy, 2005 Organic Land Law, and Inheritance Law all promote and establish land-related legal rights for women and prohibit gender discrimination. However, the difficulties and challenges inherent in clarifying and implementing any law, along with the customary and informal realities that govern gender relations in large part in Rwanda, make it a challenge to achieve the goals set out in the Constitution and underlying laws. The EP will provide support to this USAID-funded land reform activity to include short-term technical specialist on gender and land to incorporate gender-specific provisions within the new land laws, decrees, and regulations. That person will also help to amend existing laws to: reflect and attempt to accommodate the slowly changing reality of customary and informal practices; improve the likelihood that women can retain land when household events, such as HIV-infection or death due to AIDS, occur that might otherwise divest them of their land; provide for more universal land titling to women, including those living in informal consensual unions; better provide for women to obtain land by way of market transactions. Taken together, this assistance will improve women's ability to access and retain needed productive land resources and viable sources of livelihoods, and to lower the need to engage in high-risk behavior as a survival strategy (and thereby reduce the incidence of HIV infection among Rwandans).
The direct output of this activity is to facilitate the passage of legislation that would advance gender equity for PLWHA.
This activity addresses the key legislative issue of gender. This activity reflects the Rwanda EP five-year strategy by improving the quality of life for all PLWHA, especially HIV+ women.
