PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
Years of mechanism: 2008 2009
The funding level for this activity in FY 2008 has decreased since FY 2007. Only minor narrative updates
have been made to highlight progress and achievements.
This activity is linked to all TB/HIV activities nationally and to ASM, CDC Lab TA, TDRC and SCMS.
The Chest Diseases Laboratory (CDL) is Zambia's National Tuberculosis (TB) Reference Laboratory and
has been supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) since 2001. This facility is
responsible for quality control and quality assurance of TB microscopy and culture and drug susceptibility
testing for all sites in Zambia.
In April 2006, the recently renovated administrative office for the CDC and CDL staff opened. This
renovation has provided for more laboratory workspace in addition to extra room to accommodate
management and supervisory staff. The renovation has allowed the CDC's technical laboratory experts to
provide frequent on-site training and mentoring support to the national laboratory staff. In addition, having
the CDC technical laboratory experts housed in the same compound allows for frequent supervision and
monitoring of equipment. CDL is also supported through the national TB program funded by the Global TB
Fund and has a long working relationship with the Zambart Project supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates
Foundation. Currently, the laboratory has two rapid TB culture systems provided through this project. The
Zambart Project also provides technical support and human resource capacity to the national TB laboratory
staff. As a result of this support, CDL is well equipped to provide technical assistance to provincial and
district laboratories. Contributions from the United States Government (USG), Zambart and the Gates
Foundation complement support to the National CDL provided from TBCAP, the Global Foundation, and
Churches Health Association of Zambia.
In FY 2007, this activity supported training for district laboratory staff in four provinces: Southern, Eastern,
Western and Lusaka. This complemented a similar training provided to districts in the remaining five
provinces by the Tropical Diseases Research Center (TDRC) in Ndola.
A national quality assurance (QA) system is expanding to improve the quality of diagnosis of TB in HIV-
positive individuals. This includes frequent supervisory visits, blind rechecking of acid-fast bacilli (AFB)
smears selected randomly, and proficiency testing of laboratory technicians using a standard panel of AFB
smears. By the end of FY 2007, 15 additional laboratory staff members were trained on the use of bio-
safety cabinets and techniques for improving laboratory infection control, while 20 staff members were
trained on the use of the fluorescent microscope. Other services included Gen Probe DNA technology
training for rapid TB identification and courier service twice per week to the national reference laboratory to
enhance test result turnaround time.
In FY 2008, the USG will continue to support the laboratory human resource capacity building for external
quality assurance of smear microscopy. CDC is supporting the validation of rapid first-line drug
susceptibility testing, and other support will include the following activities: 1) improvement of human
resource capacity by the placement of extra staff in the laboratory to properly perform national quality
assurance activities and give timely feedback to laboratories within the laboratory network; 2) procurement
of computers, training of laboratory staff, and continued support to maintain the local area network within
the laboratory to ensure continued access to Internet facilities and the ability to communicate with the
Ministry of Health (MOH) and other provincial and district centers within the country; 3) training of 260
laboratory staff participating in culture and external quality assurance program to support HIV care and
treatment.
USG is working closely with the national reference laboratory, MOH and other cooperating TB laboratory
partners to establish a TB Laboratory Coordination Committee to synchronize and strengthen training and
other activities in the TB network.
