PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
Years of mechanism: 2008 2009
NOTICE - Per the recommendation from OGAC that Malawi as an FY2008 Compact Country, submit a mini
-COP (i.e. program area level narratives only), this activity level narrative has not been updated prior to the
submission of the FY09 Full COP. The Malawi country team anticipates updating narratives upon
completion and final approval of the negotiated 5-year Compact between the United States Government
and the Government of Malawi.
Summary
PSI will continue its work in AB by supporting the nationwide "Youth Alert" program to promote appropriate
and healthy life skills through an age-appropriate AB program targeting in and out of school youth ages 10-
24.
Background
PSI has been implementing Youth Alert since 2001. Youth Alert! promotes the importance of setting goals in
life, identifying barriers to achieving those goals (such as HIV, STIs, and unintended pregnancies) and
identifying effective ways to overcome barriers through informed choice. The program has been co-funded
by KfW (The German Development Bank) since 1995. This co-funding will end on September 30, 2007.
However, PSI/Malawi will continue to work to identify new funding to mitigate the effects of the loss of the
KfW co-funding and to expand the Youth Alert! Mix Listeners Clubs IPC (Interpersonal Communication)
activity.
Youth Alert! is comprised of four elements: (1) the Youth Alert! Schools Program; (2) the Youth Alert! Mix
(YAM!) Radio show, Malawi's Number 1 youth radio program according to 2004 All Media Survey; (3) the
YAM! Listeners Clubs Activity; and (4) the Youth Alert! Peer Education pilot project (this pilot activity is
funded currently through leveraged KfW funding, which will end September 30, 2007).
In April 2004, with USG support, PSI/Malawi established its Faith Communities Program (FCP) in two pilot
areas. The FCP works with faith communities in Malawi to increase safe sexual and reproductive behaviors
(among 10-24 and 25-49 year olds) which will result in decreased incidence of HIV/AIDS and improve the
health of the members of these faith communities. The FCP supports the Malawi HIV and AIDS National
Action Framework (NAF) 2005-2009 Prevention and Behavior Change Action Area 1 (To expand the scope
and depth of HIV/AIDS communication for effective behavior change), Area 2 (To promote and support HIV
protective interventions specifically designed for young people) and Area 4 (To strengthen socio-cultural
values and practices that prevent the spread of HIV) and Impact Mitigation: Socio-Economic and
Psychosocial Area 4 (To improve access of OVC to essential social services, integrated and comprehensive
community-based support services).
FCP activities include the conducting of workshops for married couples addressing issues on being faithful
to their partner, workshops targeting youth which provide training on life skills to help them abstain from sex,
and the production and provision of information, education and communication (IEC) materials and
vocational skills training for orphans and vulnerable children (OVC aged 10-17). The program is currently in
its pilot phase and is working only in Lirangwe and Mpemba townships in Blantyre district. FY 2008 is final
year of funding for PSI. The activities will run though 2009. During this period PSI will work to consolidate
and sustain the gains made through this activity.
The new FY 2008 funds requested will be used to manage the close-out of the Youth Alert! and the FCP
activities carried out under the EHAP-IFH Project for approximately the initial three or four months of FY
2009.
Activity 1: Youth Alert!
The Youth Alert! schools program has been operating in every district in Malawi since 2001, and aims to
visit every government secondary school in the country at least once per year to deliver a balanced
HIV/AIDS life skills presentation to in-school youth aged 15-24. The program supports the NAF 2005-2009
Prevention and Behavior Change Action Area 2 (To promote and support HIV protective interventions
specifically designed for young people). The program has been supported by the USG since 2001, with co-
funding from KfW for operational costs (this co-funding will cease on September 30, 2007, placing
considerable pressure on attaining FY 2008 targets using USG FY 2007 funds). Gender issues are
addressed by incorporating specific youth-to-youth/female empowerment life skills, such as assertiveness
and decision making into the schools presentation. In addition, the USG has supported the implementation
of the Youth Alert! Real Man/Real Woman delayed sexual debut campaign, which encourages young
people to delay their sexual onset and replaces sex with respect for each other, respect for themselves, and
concentration on achieving future goals. The messages from this campaign have been disseminated via
mass media (TV Malawi, music videos, YAM) and through interpersonal communication (IPC) channels
(YAM Listeners Clubs, Youth Alert! Schools program, and PSI/Malawi's Targeted Outreach
Communications (TOC) teams). In FY06 the number of individuals reached through Youth Alert (YA)
community outreach that promotes HIV/AIDS prevention through abstinence and/or being faithful was
79,920.
According to our most recent M&E survey results, the entire Youth Alert! Program has had a positive impact
on the attitudes of young people about abstinence in Malawi. The 2005 TRaC (Tracking Results
Continuously - 2,880 15-24 old young people surveyed nationwide) survey found that high exposure to
Youth Alert! activities correlates positively with greater self-efficacy for and more positive attitudes towards
abstinence, which are significant determinants for this behavior. The TRaC Survey also identified Social
Norms surrounding cross generational and transactional sex and Beliefs on HIV transmission as statistically
relevant factors driving prevention behaviors. Youth Alert! has dedicated, and will continue to dedicate,
significant resources during FY 2008 to address these key behavioral determinants. A second TRaC
monitoring round is scheduled for the summer of 2008 with USG funds.
Activity Narrative: Activity 2: YAM!
YAM! commenced airing in 2003 with USG support on two nationwide radio stations, MBC1 and MBC2.
YAM! airs multiple weekly broadcasts of a radio show highlighting and demonstrating life skills, and
addressing youth related reproductive health issues, such as age-appropriate HIV/AIDS prevention choices,
unwanted pregnancies, and STI prevention. YAM! is targeted at youth aged 10-24 years and their parents
or guardians. YAM! supports the Malawi NAF 2005-2009 Prevention and Behavior Change Action Area 2
(To promote and support HIV protective interventions specifically designed for young people). In 2004,
YAM! was found to be the Number 1 youth radio magazine show according to the Malawi All Media Survey
and by the 2005 TRaC survey. YAM! programs are designed in a collaborative process with other various
partners working in youth BCC programs. The broadcasting year is split into four themes, with twelve
programs per theme. All the four themes have strong AB foci. The 2005 TRaC survey results directly
contributed to the development of these program themes. In-house training is provided for the YAM!
presenters (one male and one female). During FY 2008, YAM! also will train young presenters (10-14) to co
-present the show on a regular basis in order to increase its appeal and relevance to this demographic. As
mentioned above, PSI/Malawi makes resources available to project personnel for relevant professional
development training courses, including participation in the Results Initiative (see SI section).
Activity 3: Faith Communities Program
The objective of the Faith Communities Program (FCP) is to work with faith communities in the two pilot
areas, Mpemba and Lirangwe close to Blantyre, Malawi, to increase the adoption of safer sexual behaviors,
which will result in decreased incidence of HIV/AIDS. The FCP works with and through community-based
HIV/AIDS committees to ensure community ownership of the program and contribute to its sustainability.
Faith based youth (10-24) are reached through community outreach on issues related to HIV/AIDS;
emphasis is placed on the importance of abstinence as a risk avoidance behavior. The curriculum includes
gender relevant life skills education such as self-esteem, self worth, understanding their sexuality, why and
how to delay sexual debut, the importance of both primary and secondary abstinence, how to deal with peer
pressure, and the dangers of cross-generational/transactional sex. The FCP reaches faith based adults (25-
49) with two-to-three day, non-residential seminars at religious institutions. Several subjects are addressed
including the importance of mutual fidelity, Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT), unacceptability of
cross-generational and transactional sex, cultural practices and HIV/AIDS, gender and HIV, stigma, and
discrimination. The FCP conducts capacity building workshops for faith based leaders (25-49) on the theory
and practice of behavior change with regard to HIV/AIDS prevention in order to create a corps of religious
authority figures and opinion leaders who can lead the education, motivation, sensitization, and community
mobilization effort. In addition to providing a forum for (AB) prevention messages and promoting healthy
life-styles, the FCP also conducts vocational skills training in tailoring and carpentry to orphans and
vulnerable children (OVC aged 10-17). The program is aimed at developing self-reliant behaviors and
reducing vulnerability on cross-generational and transactional sex. The skills the OVC learn will result in
them playing productive and effective roles in their communities and helping them to protect themselves
from contracting HIV/AIDS.
New/Continuing Activity: Continuing Activity
Continuing Activity: 17446
Continued Associated Activity Information
Activity Activity ID USG Agency Prime Partner Mechanism Mechanism ID Mechanism Planned Funds
System ID System ID
17446 5918.08 U.S. Agency for Population 7765 5667.08 PSI CSH $350,000
International Services
Development International
11051 5918.07 U.S. Agency for Population 5667 5667.07 PSI CSH $1,105,912
5918 5918.06 U.S. Agency for Population 3888 3888.06 $816,912
Table 3.3.02:
New/Continuing Activity: New Activity
Continuing Activity:
Table 3.3.03:
PSI/Malawi's Chishango (meaning 'Shield') brand condoms were introduced in 1994 with USAID and KfW
support. Initially aimed at a wide target - all sexually active Malawians - Chishango was re-launched in May
2002 to appeal predominantly to sexually active young Malawian males age 15-24. In 2006 and 2007,
additional focus has been made on high risk groups such as truckers, mobile populations, men in uniform,
and female sex workers and their clients. Over 9.9 million condoms were sold in FY 2006. The 2004 DHS
data showed an increase in males 15-24 using a condom at last sex from 38.9% in 2000 to 46.6% in 2004.
In addition, among younger women aged 15-24, reported condom use increased from 32.1% to 34.9%.
Chishango is promoted through several mass media channels - radio, print and outdoor media. In addition,
PSI/Malawi utilizes several non-traditional means to reach those with limited access to mass media. These
channels include Targeted Outreach Communications or TOC (mobile video units and community drama)
for targeting those most risk, and a bicycle sales force to get to hard-to-reach outlets where Malawians can
access condoms. Starting in FY 2008 but with FY 2007 funds, PSI/Malawi will be using special add-on
funding to develop and disseminate new evidence based IEC materials promoting male circumcision.
As mentioned above, KfW co-funding for the condom social marketing program will end in September 2007.
This will put significant pressure on our programmatic budget for FY 2008. In light of this, we have had to
reduce our spending on mass media communications activities related to condom promotion. It should also
be noted that the funding level estimates assume continued supply of condoms via the USAID
Contraceptive Logistics Management (CLM) unit budgeted under separate funding.
PSI/Malawi distributes condoms to rural and urban distribution points nationwide via a dedicated sales force
of eight sales teams. In addition, one sales team is dedicated to sales and promotion of condoms in
eighteen ‘hot zones' nationwide. As well as making condoms available through the commercial sector,
PSI/Malawi partners with other international and local NGOs, such as the Marie Stopes International (MSI)
local affiliate, Banja La Mtsogolo, Medecines Sans Frontiers, as well as with private workplace HIV
prevention programs. Mass media communications and Targeted Outreach Communications (see Activity
2) are used to address key behavioral determinants associated with condom use.
Activity 1: Condom Social Marketing
The PSI/Malawi condom social marketing program has been operating nationwide since 1994. The on-
going program supports the Malawi HIV and AIDS National Action Framework Prevention and Behavior
Change Action Areas (PBC) 1.12, 5.1, 5.2 and 5.3. PSI/Malawi's condom behavior change and promotion
strategies are designed to (1) address key behavioral determinants identified by research associated with
condom use, and (2) increase Chishango condom availability through condom distribution points in order to
increase the correct and consistent use of condoms by those in the general population whose behavior puts
them at greater risk of contracting HIV. In addition, a special emphasis is placed on targeting high risk
groups, such as truckers, fishermen, men in uniform, mobile men, female sex workers and their partners in
entertainment centers, transportation hubs, busy trading centers and other high traffic areas (known as "hot
zones") with special communications and educational activities designed to promote 100% condom use.
Condom program income is channeled back into the activity to support condom promotion and behavior
change associated with correct and consistent use. PSI/Malawi works closely with the National AIDS
Commission in implementing the National Condom Strategy and is a member of its Condom Task Force.
PSI/Malawi makes resources available to project personnel for relevant professional development training
courses, including participation in the Results Initiative (see SI section).
Activity 2: Targeted Outreach Communication (TOC)
PSI/Malawi's Targeted Outreach Communication (TOC) activities have been operating since 2002 with
USAID, KfW and JICA support. The TOC teams, comprising interactive audiovisual shows and community
dramas, conduct specially designed, evidence-based communication events with high risk groups and those
in the general population whose behavior puts them at greater risk of contracting HIV. These events use
films, educational games, condom demonstrations, and IPC to promote correct and consistent condom use
and partner reduction. PSI/Malawi's TOC Teams are also targeting special events and ensuring improved
condom availability in and around the 18 "hot zones" (high-risk areas) in Malawi's three regional areas
(southern, central, and northern). In addition to the targeted events outlined above, PSI/Malawi conducts
integrated product promotion events, condom promotions with commercial partners, as well as develops
and disseminates new IEC and marketing materials to support condom use promotion. PSI/Malawi makes
resources available to project personnel for relevant professional development training courses, including
participation in the Results Initiative (see SI section).
Activity 3: Evidence-based Male Circumcision IEC/BCC Materials
PSI/Malawi will utilize FY 2007 plus-up funds from USAID/Malawi for the development, production, and
dissemination of evidence-based male circumcision IEC/BCC materials (see NAC HVOP activity ID#17753).
These materials will be used to augment and complement the Government of Malawi's efforts in promoting
male circumcision as an HIV prevention method. PSI/Malawi will partner with the National AIDS
Commission, the Health Education Unit of the Ministry of Health, and other key stakeholders to develop the
materials. Together, we will identify key target groups, such as males 15-24 and medical professionals,
design and develop messages, and identify optimum communications channels for each target group via a
consultative and collaborative approach. The key outputs of this activity will include the concept
development, pre-testing, production, and dissemination of new materials such as posters, leaflets, a short
Activity Narrative: documentary/educational film, and radio spots. The materials will be shared with other agencies in the
region. It is envisioned that these communications materials will form a ready resource of approved
Government of Malawi male circumcision BCC materials and can be reproduced using earmarked funding.
As the planned activity will utilize mass media communications and dissemination of print materials, all
related targets are to be considered indirect.
Continuing Activity: 17447
17447 5933.08 U.S. Agency for Population 7765 5667.08 PSI CSH $430,000
11136 5933.07 U.S. Agency for Population 5667 5667.07 PSI CSH $853,000
5933 5933.06 U.S. Agency for Population 3888 3888.06 $885,389
PSI will conduct vocational training for Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC). aged 10 -17 in combination
with life skills and adolescent sexual and reproductive health education.
In 2004, PSI/Malawi established a pilot project to work directly with faith communities to promote HIV/AIDS
prevention. The Faith Communities Program (FCP) works with faith communities in two pilot areas to
increase safe sexual and reproductive behaviors, which will result in decreased incidence of HIV/AIDS and
improve the health of the members in these communities. In addition to implementing behavior change
communication activities in the pilot areas, the program also includes a small vocational skills training
component targeting OVC.
The FCP conducts on-going vocational skills training in tailoring and carpentry with OVC aged 10-17, in
combination with life skills and adolescent sexual and reproductive health education. The program's
objective is to develop self-reliant behaviors and reduce the vulnerability of the OVC in PSI/Malawi's centers
to cross-generational and transactional sex. The outcome of the program is a cadre of OVC equipped with
relevant vocational and life skills, which will help them play a productive and effective role in their
communities, and help to protect them from contracting HIV/AIDS. The OVC program is linked directly with
other FCP program activities reported under the Abstinence and Being Faithful Program Area. Since most
of the OVC reached are out-of-school youth, there are limited linkages with the Youth Alert program.
However, PSI/Malawi does conduct some Youth Alert presentations with out-of-school youth using other
sources of funding.
Due to the $2,000,000 annual ceiling limit on USG HIV funding for PSI/Malawi, no expansion is planned for
the FCP OVC program during FY 2008 using USG FY 2007 funds. The new request for FY 2008 funds will
enable the continuation of FCP OVC activities for approximately 3 to 4 months during the planned close-out
period of the USAID-funded EHAP-IFH project whic begins October 1st, 2008. Given this we have
established the FY 2009 targets at approximately 30% of the FY 2008 target levels.
The OVC program is directly linked with other FCP program activities reported under the Abstinence and
Being Faithful Program Area.
OVC project activities have continued as planned during the last 12 months. However plans to expand the
program into new geographic areas have not been realized due to limited funding.
The new FY 2008 funds requested will be used to ensure approximately 3 to 4 months of ongoing FCP
activities during the planned close-out period of the EHAP-IFH Project.
Activity 1:
The FCP conducts on-going vocational skills training in tailoring and carpentry with orphans and vulnerable
children (OVC) (10-17) in Mpembe and Lirangwe, close to Blantyre, Malawi, in combination with life skills
and adolescent sexual and reproductive health education. The on-going program supports the Malawi HIV
and AIDS National Action Framework (NAF) 2005-2009 Impact Mitigation: Socio-Economic and
Psychosocial Action Area 1 [To promote sustainable income generating projects (IGPs) to PLHA, OVC,
widows, widowers, and the affected elderly] and NAF Area 4 [To improve access of OVC to essential social
services, integrated and comprehensive community-based support services].
The program is aimed at developing self-reliant behaviors among OVC and reducing their vulnerability to
cross-generational and transactional sex. The skills the OVC learn are designed to help them play
productive and effective roles in their communities and help them to protect themselves from contracting
HIV/AIDS. Numbers of OVC reached are recorded at PSI/Malawi and will be reported for FY 2007. In CY
2007, 126 OVC graduated from the program, nine of whom have reported gaining employment since their
graduation. We have assumed that, given current funding ceilings and other budgetary pressures, that this
program will not be expanded. However, we will continue to seek for incremental funding to do so. Targets
are captured under Supplemental Direct below.
Continuing Activity: 17448
17448 5952.08 U.S. Agency for Population 7765 5667.08 PSI CSH $5,900
11249 5952.07 U.S. Agency for Population 5667 5667.07 PSI CSH $5,900
5952 5952.06 U.S. Agency for Population 3888 3888.06 $25,000
Table 3.3.13:
PSI will ensure the finalization of the TRaC survey and the dissemination of the TRaC Survey Report, as
well as for the preparation and dissemination of the final EHAP-IFH Project Report during the planned close
out period for the EHAP-IFH Project.
Since 2004, PSI has been building local staff capacity in the area of M and E and specifically working to
introduce a new, innovative, state-of-the-art research and M and E methodology known as the "PSI
Dashboard". The methodology is designed to ensure rapid assessment of impact of BCC interventions and
the provision of information for evidenced-based decision making. These new methodologies have been
designed based by behavior change evaluation methods used in the private sector.
To ensure that local staff members from the Sales & Marketing, Communications and Research Teams are
all proficient in the new methods and their interpretation, PSI staff will continue to receive training in the
theory and application of these new M and E methods. This will largely be achieved through on-the-job
training, as well as through planned short term technical assistance (STTA) to support final completion of
the TRaC report and proper close out reporting. In addition, with funding outside PSI's agreements with
USAID, key PSI program staff members are participating in specially designed training courses offered
under PSI's REsulTS Initiative. Finally, given its relevance to other organizations working in behavior
change communications, PSI will ensure broad dissemination of the concepts behind the "dashboard"
approach as well as the results of the various surveys conducted.
Given the decision to extend our current agreement through to FY 2008 and early FY 2009, it was agreed
that the planned second round TRaC Survey be conducted as from mid-2008 rather than in FY 2007. The
other planned capacity building activities related to Evidence Based Social Marketing and PSI's new M and
E methodologies will continue as planned.
The new FY 2008 funds requested will be used to ensure the finalization of the TRaC survey and the
dissemination of the TRaC Survey Report, as well as for the preparation and dissemination of the final
EHAP-IFH Project Report during the planned close out period for the EHAP-IFH Project.
Activity 1: TRaC Survey
Per the approved Program Descriptions for the latest approved extension of our agreement, PSI is
scheduled to conduct a second round of its Project TRaC survey to evaluate its HIV/AIDS prevention
interventions in the 3rd quarter of 2007. The new FY 2008 funds requested will ensure the payment of any
costs associated with the finalization of the TRaC survey and the dissemination of the final report on the
survey results, as well as for the preparation and dissemination of the final EHAP-IFH Project Report.
Activity 2: Dashboard Training
PSI will continue to train its key marketing, communications, and research staff members on the PSI
Dashboard and its use/application to support Evidence Based Social Marketing through specially designed
online course work and training under the REsulTS Initiative (carried out with leveraged funding).
Continuing Activity: 17449
17449 11277.08 U.S. Agency for Population 7765 5667.08 PSI CSH $20,000
11277 11277.07 U.S. Agency for Population 5667 5667.07 PSI CSH $35,000
Table 3.3.17:
Table 3.3.18: