PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
Years of mechanism: 2008 2009
This activity requires early funding: $200,000
THIS IS AN ONGOING ACTIVITY. THE NARRATIVE IS UNCHANGED EXCEPT FOR UPDATED
REFERENCES TO TARGETS AND BUDGETS.
1. LIST OF RELATED ACTIVITIES
This activity links to all other activities in blood safety.
2. ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION
This activity relates to the prevention of HIV transmission through blood transfusion in health care settings
through the establishment of a national office and central testing laboratory for the Kenya National Blood
Transfusion Service (NBTS). The NBTS is comprised of six regional transfusion centres in Nairobi, Kisumu,
Mombasa, Embu, Eldoret and Nakuru and six additional satellite centres that distribute blood to various
hospitals in the country. Much progress has been made since year 2000 in the quality of testing for
transfusion transmissible infections and in the recruitment of low risk blood donors. National policy
recommends that the NBTS develop as a semi-autonomous body within the Ministry of Health so that these
services can expand and respond to the national need. The Nairobi Regional Blood Transfusion Centre
(RBTC) currently doubles up as the national headquarters of the NBTS, with the National NBTS Director
also serving in the role of Director of the Nairobi regional centre. The NBTS needs both a full time director of
the Nairobi RBTC and a National Director. Additional personnel are required to handle national
coordination of donor recruitment, data management and reporting, and administration and procurement for
the national program. The current Nairobi RBTC staff cannot take on these roles and also meet the RBTC
function of recruiting sufficient donors to meet the high demand for safe blood in the environs of Nairobi. As
a consequence, this is the only centre that cannot meet in totality the needs of any of the hospitals it serves.
In addition, the NBTS has difficulty giving timely leadership and support to the RBTCs in matters of policy,
training, collection, processing and distribution of safe blood without dedicated leadership. To circumvent
this duplication of roles and increase efficiency, it is desirable to have staff dedicated to the national office.
Following the PEPFAR proposal of FY04, funding was approved for the recruitment of staff for the national
office. This will include a national blood donor recruiter, ICT manager, data manager, accountant, project
manager, ICT technician and two each of data clerks and voucher examiners. The national office thus
needs to house a minimum of 16 staff. It is proposed that offices be established for the national office
through expansion of the Nairobi RBTC. Expansion will also create space for storage of national supplies
and reagents and IEC materials prior to distribution to the regions. Additional personnel have been hired for
national coordination of donor recruitment, administration, data management and coordination of the
logistics supply system to link the regional centres and provide leadership for policy development,
supervision, and coordination and respond to crises with shortages of blood. There is currently, however,
inadequate office space to house these personnel. Over the last six years it has become evident that high
quality blood testing can not be achieved with regional system. Centralized blood testing will help to ensure
uniformity and maintenance of quality testing procedures. Blood samples will be received in the central
laboratory through a courier service. Results will be relayed to the regional centers electronically. In the long
term centralized testing will enhance the testing turn-around-time and cost efficiency of blood processing at
the NBTS. Land immediately next to the Nairobi RBTC has been identified for expansion to meet these
needs.
3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OVERALL PROGRAM AREA
This activity will contribute to prevention of HIV through blood transfusion. Kenya aims to collect 180,000
units of blood from low risk volunteer blood donors. All the blood will be tested at the central laboratory for
HIV, hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and syphilis. This activity will facilitate quality testing, enhanced cost efficiency
and a rapid turn-a-round time in provision of safe blood. Blood donors will be notified of their test results in a
timely manner and given information to promote healthy positive living so that negative donors become
regular repeat blood donors. HIV positive donors will be counseled and referred for evaluation care and
treatment as appropriate. Blood components prepared will increase blood availability through appropriate
use and also reduce the occurrence of adverse transfusion events. Appropriate blood use will minimize
unnecessary transfusions which may expose healthy individuals to HIV infection. The World Health
organization estimates that 10% of HIV may be attributed to transfusion with infected blood.
4. LINKS TO OTHER ACTIVITIES
This activity relates to all national blood safety activities including those implemented by NBTS, AABB,
CHF, SCMS, Internews- Local voices and APHIA II H C&M.
5. POPULATIONS BEING TARGETED
This activity will benefit the general population by supporting the acquisition of blood free of HIV infection.
6. EMPHASIS AREAS
The major area of emphasis for this activity is infrastructure development.
This activity relates to SCMS activities in other program areas: PMTCT (#8757), Treatment: ARV Services
(#8854), Counseling and Testing (#8783), and TB/HIV (#8754). It also supports all PEPFAR service-
delivery activities.
This new activity is an effort to maintain a continuous flow of HIV test kits through a rapid response back
up /buffer procurement mechanism. In the FY 08, funding ($2 million) is requested for State Department for
procurement of test kits through the Regional Procurement Support Office (RPSO). PEPFAR Kenya has
found RPSO to be able to procure in a responsive and efficient manner in '07 and previously. This activity
will serve as back-up and buffer to funding being proposed for the Supplies Chain Management System
(SCMS) project for HIV test kit procurement. Given PEPFAR's planned support for the GOK's planned rapid
and extensive scale-up of HIV counseling and testing throughout Kenya, continuous supply of HIV test kits
will be critical. Once procured, these test kids will enter into existing supply chain management systems,
including the national distribution system, run by Kenya Medical Supplies Agency (KEMSA), and in some
cases, "buffer" stocks to ensure that PEPFAR sites have adequate commodities when there is national
shortage.
This program will contribute to HIV diagnosis for adults and children. In addition, it will assist in the
identification of discordant couples. Test kits will be used in a variety of HIV testing and counseling settings,
including PITC, VCT and HBVCT.
This activity relates to all service delivery activities, as well as the RPM+/MSH activity in logistics
information management, distribution support, forecasting and quantification, (#6989), MEDS, in ARV Drugs
(#6997 ); KEMSA logistics and information management and distribution systems, (#6969); and SCMC
procurements in HVCT (#8783), HLAB (#8763) and HTXS (#8854).
The target populations for this activity are adults and children in the general population for HIV/AIDS testing,
as well as inpatients, TB and STI patients for routine screening.
The major area of emphasis for this activity is commodity procurement.
