PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
Years of mechanism: 2008 2009
THIS IS AN ONGOING ACTIVITY. THE NARRATIVE IS UNCHANGED EXCEPT FOR UPDATED
REFERENCES TO TARGETS AND BUDGETS.
1. LIST OF RELATED ACTIVITIES
This activity relates to activities in Abstinence and Being Faithful (#7052), Condoms and Other Prevention
(#7051), Blood Safety (#8804), and Counseling and Testing (#7049).
2. ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION
Health Communication and Marketing (HCM) is an integrated project, focused primarily (at least 75%) on
HIV/AIDS prevention care and treatment in support of other PEPFAR activities in Kenya. The purpose of the
HCM award is to improve health outcomes through increased prevention and other healthy behaviors. This
will be done through marketing and communications activities within the health sector. This activity will also
build the sustainability of local organizations to do this work. The objectives of this activity in HIV/AIDS are
to: 1) Improve the preventive behaviors of Kenyans related to HIV/AIDS, in particular increasing the percent
of men and women aged 15-24 abstaining from sex, promoting fidelity, partner reduction, the correct and
consistent use of condoms in high-risk sexual encounters, and the percent of men and women going for
VCT and receiving their test results (the "ABC" approach). 2) Improve service utilization rates for voluntary
counseling and testing (VCT), and prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. This includes
increasing the percentage of pregnant women who access PMTCT services including VCT and increasing
the number of Kenyans who use VCT services and receive their test results. 3) Build the capacity of local
institution(s) in Kenya's commercial, non-governmental, and/or faith-based sectors by working in
collaboration with them to develop and manage a cost-effective marketing, sales, and distribution network
that improves availability and access by key populations to products related to HIV/AIDS; develop and
manage a communications initiative to increase knowledge and change behavior of Kenyans with respect to
HIV/AIDS including interpersonal communication; and develop the management and technical capacity of
these organizations to manage and implement social marketing and communications programs. This
program will not issue sub awards but will pay suppliers of goods and services directly.
3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OVERALL PROGRAM AREA
In FY 2008, in PMCT, this partner will develop and disseminate communication messages/materials on
prevention of mother to child activities promoting testing of pregnant women in order to protect the unborn
child from HIV infection. This activity will also target People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) and especially
HIV positive couples planning to have a baby. It is anticipated to promote counseling and testing services
and generate demand for PMCT services for both voluntary and provider initiated testing. They will reach
over 6 million people through mass media.
4. LINKS TO OTHER ACTIVITIES
This activity relates to activities in Abstinence and Being Faithful (#7052), Other Prevention (#7051), Blood
Safety (#8804) and Counseling and Testing (#7049) through promotion of networking, referrals and
linkages. The Health Communications and Marketing project is a national level activity that will enforce
messages through mass media and interpersonal communication developed in collaboration with
MOH/NASCOP PMCT committee at the national level and projects working at the regional level. Both
NASCOP and these provincial projects will "feed into" the development of population-specific messages
which will strengthen interventions implemented on the ground.
5. POPULATIONS BEING TARGETED
PMCT messages will primarily focus on adults both male and female, public and private health providers
and NGOs and faith-based programs as well as policy makers.
6. KEY LEGISLATIVE ISSUES ADDRESSED
Messages developed will address gender norms and behavior, increased male involvement in matters
considering the preservation of the family unit, and reduction of stigma and discrimination.
7. EMPHASIS AREAS
HCM is primarily a communications activity focusing on the development of information, education and
communication. However, they will also mobilize communities through interpersonal communication and
make linkages with other sectors for message development.
The only changes to the program since approval in the 2007 COP are:
• $200,000 of this activity supports the healthy youth initiative and is programmed with funds from the $7
million FY 08 plus up;
• Expand the youth interpersonal program in schools and promote a new youth campaign that addresses
abstinence and behavior change.
This activity relates to activities in Other Prevention (#8930), (#8932), (#8874), (#9040), (#8937), (#8927),
(#8942), Counseling and Testing (#8760), (#8776), (#8777), (#8778), (#8781), (#8782), (#8976), Prevention
of Mother-to-Child Transmission (#8729), (#8733), (#8734), (#8738), (#8752),(#8764), (#7087), HIV/AIDS
Treatment: ARV Services (#8765), (#8774), (#8792), (#8797), (#8805), (#8813), (#8826), (#6899) and
HIV/AIDS Treatment: ARV Drugs (#6997).
In 2008 HCM will develop at least two mass media campaigns and develop interpersonal communication
programs in schools that will reach 100,000 youth and train at least 600 peers in HIV prevention activities.
APHIA II Health Communication and Marketing (HCM) is an integrated project, focused primarily (at least
75%) on HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment in support of other PEPFAR activities in Kenya. The
purpose of the HCM award is to improve healthy outcomes through increased prevention and other healthy
behaviors. This will be done through marketing and communications activities within the health sector. This
activity will also build the sustainability of local organizations to do this work. Through a Public-Private
Partnership $200,000 will support the development of a nationwide follow-on to the highly successful
PEPFAR-funded "Nime Chill" youth abstinence campaign. Discussion is underway to partner with the Coca
Cola Foundation for this project, where Coca Cola would contribute marketing expertise and its access to
trucks, kiosks, and other physical structures to display the abstinence message. The objectives of this
activity in HIV/AIDS are to 1) improve the preventive behaviors of Kenyans related to HIV/AIDS, in particular
increasing the percent of men and women aged 15-24 abstaining from sex, promoting fidelity, partner
reduction, the correct and consistent use of condoms in high-risk sexual encounters, and the percentage of
men and women going for VCT and receiving their test results (the "ABC" approach); 2) improve service
utilization rates for voluntary counseling and testing (VCT), and prevention of mother to child transmission
(PMTCT) of HIV. This includes increasing the percentage of pregnant women who access PMTCT services
including VCT and increasing the number of Kenyans who use VCT services and receive their test results;
3) build the capacity of local institution(s) in Kenya's commercial, non-governmental, and/or faith-based
sectors by working in collaboration with them to develop and manage a cost-effective marketing, sales and
distribution network that improves availability and access by key populations to products related to
HIV/AIDS; 4) develop and manage a communications initiative to increase knowledge and change behavior
of Kenyans with respect to HIV/AIDS including interpersonal communication; and 5) develop the
management and technical capacity of these organizations to manage and implement social marketing and
communications programs. Through these interventions, the awardee will target at least 100,000 people
with AB messages and train at least 600.
In FY 2007, in AB, this partner will develop and disseminate communication messages/materials on
abstinence for youth and build on programs in the education sector targeting in-school youth. It will also
promote messages on secondary virginity and the importance of faithfulness within marriage. This activity
will generate demand for information about abstinence and being faithful, which will be followed up with
interpersonal communication activities.
The Health Communications and Marketing project is a national level activity that will enforce messages
through mass media and interpersonal communication developed in collaboration with projects working at
the regional level. These projects will "feed into" the development of population-specific messages which
will strengthen peer education interventions implemented on the ground.
AB messages will primarily focus on 10-14 year olds, both in- and out-of-school; youth of reproductive age
and teachers, but also adult members of the general population.
Messages developed will address gender norms and behavior, stigma and discrimination.
APHIA II HCM is primarily a communications activity focusing on the development of information, education
and communication. However, they will also mobilize communities through interpersonal communication,
make linkages with other sectors for message development (e.g. CT, PMTCT), collaborate with the
education sector, and train individuals in message development and communication. The purpose of the
build the sustainability of local organizations to do this work. In collaboration with the Ministry of Health, PSI
will also promote medical male circumcision as a proven intervention to reduce transmission of HIV.
Information about abstinence and being faithful will be shared with those who volunteer to undergo
circumcision.
This activity relates to activities in Abstinence and Being Faithful (#7052), Other Prevention (#7051), PMCT
(#7050), and Counseling and Testing (#7049).
build the sustainability of local organizations to do this work. The objectives of this activity in the blood
Safety program are i) Develop appropriate IEC packages for internal and external customers of the NBTS
including blood donors, user hospitals and blood bank personnel. Blood donor mobilization material will be
revised to incorporate messages for prevention of HIV through abstinence, faithfulness and where
appropriate, condom use. ii) Build the capacity of local institution(s) in Kenya's commercial, non-
governmental, and/or faith-based sectors by working in collaboration with them to develop and manage a
cost-effective marketing, sales, and distribution network that improves availability and access by key
populations to products related to blood donor mobilization and appropriate blood use and develop the
communications programs. iii) Develop brand identity for the National Blood Transfusion service (NBTS).
iv) Develop appropriate donor recognition materials. v) Increase altruistic regular blood donation among
Kenyans. This activity will not provide any sub awards.
In FY07, in Blood safety, this partner will develop and disseminate communication messages/materials
targeting the general population and promoting blood donation to save lives. It will also promote messages
to encourage blood donors to join blood donor clubs. This activity will contribute indirectly to reduce HIV
transmission through blood transfusion.
through mass media and interpersonal communication developed in collaboration with the National Blood
Transfusion Services and regional blood transfusion centers. These projects will "feed into" the
development of population-specific messages which will strengthen blood donation and utilization activities
implemented on the ground.
Blood Safety messages will primarily focus on the general population, In- and out-of-school youth; youth of
reproductive age and teachers.
Messages developed will address stigma and discrimination.
communication. However, they will also mobilize communities through interpersonal communication, make
linkages with other sectors for message development (e.g. CT, PMTCT), and train individuals in message
development and communication.
+ HCM will develop at least 2 mass media campaigns that address high risk behavior such as alcohol abuse
and trusted partner and condom use. HCM will develop interpersonal communication activities that will
reach 500,000 individuals and train 1,000 individuals in HIV prevention activities.
+ HCM will continue promotion of male circumcision as an effective preventive intervention.
+ HCM will also spend $200,000 to implement the "Healthy Youth Programs Initiative" also known as Hype.
This activity relates to activities in Abstinence and Being Faithful (#8950), (#8725), (#8731), (#9070),
(#9074), (#8994), (#8989), Condoms and Other Prevention Activities (#8930), (#8932), (#8874), (#9040),
(#8937), (#8927), (#8942), Counseling and Testing (#8781), (#8782), (#8976), (#8776), (#8778), (#8777),
(#8760), and Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission (#8764), (#8752), (#8729), (#8733), (#7087),
(#8738), (#8734). It also relates to HIV/AIDS Treatment: ARV Services (#6899) and HIV/AIDS Treatment:
ARV Drugs (#6969).
In 2008 HCM will develop at least 2 mass media campaigns that address high risk behavior such as alcohol
abuse and trusted partner and promote condom use. HCM will develop interpersonal communication
activities that will reach 600,000 individuals, train 1,500 individuals in HIV prevention activities, and
distribute condoms through 40,000 outlets. Health Communication and Marketing (HCM) is an integrated
project, focused primarily (at least 75%) on HIV/AIDS prevention care and treatment in support of other
PEPFAR activities in Kenya. The purpose of the HCM award is to improve health outcomes through
increased prevention and other healthy behaviors. This will be done through marketing and communications
activities within the health sector. This activity will also build the sustainability of local organizations to do
this work. The objectives of this activity in HIV/AIDS are to 1) Improve the preventive behaviors of Kenyans
related to HIV/AIDS, in particular increasing the percent of men and women aged 15 to 24 abstaining from
sex, promoting fidelity, partner reduction, the correct and consistent use of condoms in high-risk sexual
encounters, and the percent of men and women going for voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) and
receiving their test results (the "ABC" approach); 2) Improve service utilization rates for VCT, and prevention
of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. This includes increasing the percentage of pregnant
women who access PMTCT services, including VCT, and increasing the number of Kenyans who use VCT
services and receive their test results; 3) Build the capacity of local institution(s) in Kenya's commercial, non
-governmental, and/or faith-based sectors by working in collaboration with them to develop and manage a
populations to products related to HIV/AIDS; develop and manage a communications initiative to increase
knowledge and change behavior of Kenyans with respect to HIV/AIDS including interpersonal
communication; and develop the management and technical capacity of these organizations to manage and
implement social marketing and communications programs. The awardee will support 35,000 condom
outlets nationwide, e.g. in hotels, kiosks, bars and other public places.
In FY 2007, in OP, this partner will develop and disseminate communication messages/materials on
condoms and other prevention targeting over-14 year old youth and high-risk populations. It will also
promote messages on abstinence and the importance of faithfulness within marriage to approximately
500,000 members of the target population. This activity will generate demand for information about
condoms and other prevention interventions, however as there will not be outreach activities, these targets
do not apply.
will strengthen peer education interventions implemented on the ground. Approximately 1,000 people will be
trained to disseminate behavior change messages.
OP messages will primarily focus on over 14 year olds, adults and high-risk populations such as substance-
abusers and street youth.
REFERENCES TO TARGETS AND BUDGETS. THIS ACTIVITY RELATES TO ALL ACTIVITIES IN
HBHC.
This activity relates to all activities in HBHC (#6998).
Two major obstacles in the provision of HIV care in rural areas are 1) a dispersed population with limited
transportation and 2) extreme poverty with lack of electricity, sanitation, clean water. Despite these
obstacles, Kenya has experienced a rapid increase in the number of HIV care and treatment providers in
most areas of Kenya. Unfortunately comprehensive HIV prevention is rarely included in clinical programs,
and prevention-focused programs that provide care vary in quality. Despite ART expansion, majority of HIV-
infected people do not receive care. In FY 2005, PEPFAR Uganda developed a Basic Care Package (BCP)
that provided a means to prevent many of the opportunistic infections that occur with PLWAs as well as
prevention from malaria. By utilizing a ‘package' approach they were able to avoid the typical stock outs of
primary care facilities and ensure clientele received a complete set of drugs and prophylactic measures that
avoid OIs, provide vitamins to improve health and condoms to decrease the dangers of infecting their
spouses. A critical part of this package was the inclusion of cotrimoxizole. Studies throughout Africa have
demonstrated an almost complete prevention of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia as well as reductions in
malaria, bacterial pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, diarrhea, sinusitis through the daily use of this drug. The
partner will coordinate with other USG implementing partners to make basic care packages (BCP) available
to PLWAs. The BCP will consist of the following components: 1 long lasting insecticide treated net (LLINs),
100 condoms, 4 bottles of WaterGuard safe water system, daily multivitamins, 1 water storage vessel, cloth
for filtering water and IEC material on malaria, diarrhea, VCT, PMTCT, cotrimoxizole, nutrition, and
mental/social well-being. Re-supply of short term consumable items (condoms, WaterGuard, multivitamins)
will be carried out to all PLWAs on a continuing basis. Cotrimoxazole will be provided through the Mission
Competitive Procurement/TBD and be available at the local health dispensaries. The goal is that 200,000
BCPs will be distributed TO 200,000 patients over the year. The partner will be responsible for procuring,
packaging and shipping the BCPs to regional warehouses, as well as re-supply of consumable items.
Standardized IEC materials will also be included in the BCP. All USG partners will source the BCPs from
the partner for onward distribution to Comprehensive Care Centers, PLWA CBOs and other PLWA targeted
distribution points operating in their catchment areas. IPs will be responsible for peer education training and
other interpersonal communications to promote the correct use of BCPs. IPs will also be responsible for
tracking use and monitoring possible leakage.
This activity will contribute to the FY 2008 targets by providing 160,000 PLWAs with standardized essential
elements of care that will extend and improve their lives. In addition, through the provision of condoms in
the basic care package the activity will be supporting prevention particularly among discordant couples. The
set of services will be provided regardless of stage of HIV disease or clinical condition in facility-based and
in home-based settings. It is consistent with the 5-year strategy by focusing on rapidly scaling up palliative
care services.
This activity is linked to HBHC activity (#6998).
This activity targets people living with HIV/AIDS and their families by providing essential care services
including bed nets, thereby reducing malaria in other family members as well.
The key legislative issue being addressed by this activity is reduction of Stigma and Discrimination by
improving the health of PLWAs and allowing them to care for their children and possibly return to work.
There are four areas of emphasis. Commodity procurement will be utilized to purchase the materials used in
the basic care package. Community Mobilization/Participation will be essential to ensure the basic care
packages reach PLWAs. The Development of Network/Linkages/Referral Systems will be needed since
many of these kits will be distributed through the regional partners. Logistics will be important for the same
reason.
This activity relates to activities in Abstinence and Being Faithful (#8950, #8725, #8731, #9070, #9074,
#8994, #8989), Counseling and Testing (#8760, #8776, #8777, #8778, #8781, #8782, #8976), PMTCT
(#8729, #8733, #8734, #8738, #8752, #8764) and ARV Services (#8765, #8774, #8792, #8797, #8805,
#8813, #8826).
HCM award is to improve health outcomes through increased care, prevention and other healthy behaviors.
This will be done through marketing and communications activities within the health sector. This activity will
also build the sustainability of local organizations to do this work. The objectives of this activity in HIV/AIDS
is to build the capacity of local institution(s) in Kenya's commercial, non-governmental, and/or faith-based
sectors by working in collaboration with them to develop and manage a cost-effective marketing, information
and communication strategy, and distribution network that improves availability and access by key
populations to information related to HIV/AIDS; develop and manage a communications initiative to increase
implement social marketing and communications programs. This will improve the care and understanding of
orphans and vulnerable children and their caregivers.
In FY 2008, this partner will develop and disseminate communication messages/materials on OVC issues in
a wider forum. It will also promote messages on abstinence and the importance of faithfulness within
marriage. This activity will generate demand for information about OVC and caregivers. However no direct
targets will be achieved but more population will be enlightened on OVC issues and it is assumed that more
OVC and caregivers will be reached indirectly.
will strengthen peer education interventions implemented on the ground. This activity has links in the
following activities: Abstinence and Being Faithful (#8950, #8725, #8731, #9070, #9074, #8994, #8989),
Counseling and Testing (#8760, #8776, #8777, #8778, #8781, #8782, #8976), PMTCT (#8729, #8733,
#8734, #8738, #8752, #8764) and ARV Services (#8765, #8774, #8792, #8797, #8805, #8813, #8826).
OVC messages will primarily focus general population, caregivers, widows, widowers, policy makers,
community and religious leaders as well as community-based and faith-based organizations.
Change since the COP was approved in 2007:
+ HCM will develop 3 media campaigns that promote PITC and other types of counseling and testing
promotion.
1.LIST OF RELATED ACTIVITIES
safety (##8804), and PMTCT (#7050).
2.ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION
to 1) Improve the preventive behaviors of Kenyans related to HIV/AIDS, in particular increasing the percent
program will not issue sub awards but will pay suppliers of goods and services directly,
In FY 2008, in CT, this partner will develop and disseminate communication messages/materials on
counseling and testing promoting provider initiated testing and continues VCT promotion especially
targeting the couple testing and discordant couples. It is anticipated to promote counseling and testing
services and generate demand for CT services for both voluntary and provider initiated testing through 3
mass media campaigns. They will reach over 6 million through mass media.
safety (#8804), and PMTCT (#7050). The Health Communications and Marketing project is a national level
activity that will enforce messages through mass media and interpersonal communication developed in
collaboration with MOH/NASCOP CT committee at the national level and projects working at the regional
level. Both NASCOP and these provincial projects will "feed into" the development of population-specific
messages which will strengthen interventions implemented on the ground.
CT messages will primarily focus on adults both male and female, public and private health providers and
NGOs and faith-based programs. This activity will also work with the National AIDS Control Program staff
and policy makers in the coordination of efforts in this program area.
make linkages with other sectors for message development. The proposed unallocated funding of $350,000
is for the expansion of an existing activity in the 2007 COP. Funds will be used to carry out media and
public education activities in CT. The specific areas to be supported include Media campaigns at various
levels, production of educational materials for both health facilities and in the community and the
development of a CT communication strategy for Kenya. In FY 07 this activity will focus on three main
areas; the HIV testing week (RRI), PITC and, door-to-door CT.
In this program area, the APHIA Health Communication and Marketing activity will work to broaden cultural
acceptance of medical male circumcision as a prevention intervention to reduce the risk of HIV
transmission. This will be done through media campaigns as well as interpersonal communication.