This activity is linked to CHANGES 2 HKID program.

CHANGES2 will continue to expand its comprehensive skills-based ABY program to strengthen the capacity

of teachers, local community organizations and young people to implement ABY activities. This activity will

wrap around the CHANGES2 education development activity which includes African Education Initiative

(AEI) funds and will leverage existing educational resources to implement ABY activities.

Though the vast majority of school-aged children are not infected and have not yet initiated risky behaviors,

one-in-two 15 year-old Zambians are at a lifetime risk of dying of AIDS. Girls are at far higher risk of

infection than boys, largely due to intergenerational sex and gender inequality. Using PEPFAR funding,

CHANGES2 is delivering activities in schools and communities which target primary school students'

knowledge, skills and attitudes and, equally important, the skills and attitudes of teachers and the

community about young people, gender, abstinence and transmission of HIV. This is done through in-

service and pre-service training of teachers, outreach and small grants to communities, and the training of

young people as peer educators.

In FY 2007, CHANGES2 trained 800 teachers at 400 schools in Central, Copperbelt, Lusaka and Southern

Provinces to implement AB activities at school and in the surrounding community. This brought the total

number of in-service teachers trained to over 2,400 since the program began in FY 2005. CHANGES2 also

worked with over 800 community and religious leaders in the surrounding communities to change attitudes

and practices, especially those that put girls at risk.

In FY 2008, CHANGES2 will expand to 400 new basic schools and communities in the target provinces,

utilizing the existing in-service teacher education system, which CHANGES2 has revitalized and

strengthened. Eight hundred teachers and community members will be trained to promote AB.

Additionally, in order to more directly impact young people, CHANGES2 will train grade 6 - 9 pupils in each

school as AB peer educators. One teacher per school will also be trained to provide support and guidance.

Peer education activities will concentrate on changing social norms around gender, abstinence and

faithfulness, and coercion and abuse, as well as on community outreach. Two thousand young people and

teachers will be trained to promote AB through peer education.

Through these peer educators and trained teachers, it is expected that 150,000 children will be reached

with age-appropriate messages. Training will be carried out in selected educational zones within the four

focus provinces. Over 4 years of operation, CHANGES2 will have reached over 25% of primary schools

and 25% of primary school teachers in the country with AB prevention training and activities. Through close

collaboration with and capacity building of the MOE and teacher training institutions (described below),

CHANGES2 will actually have a much wider impact.

In addition to revitalizing the in-service training system through training and materials development,

CHANGES2 is working with Colleges of Education (COEs) to ensure the sustainability of teacher training in

AB prevention. CHANGES2 led the development and initial implementation of an HIV/AIDS Course for

COEs in 2006, followed by the roll-out to the remaining six COEs in 2007. In 2008, it is expected that 3,000

student teachers will be reached through this intensive pre-service course which addresses AB, gender-

based sexual coercion and violence, and the high rate of infection among girls. The modules have a strong

emphasis on participatory teaching methodologies, community outreach and life skills.

School-based activities must be mirrored in the homes and surrounding community in order to change

social norms and behavior in the communities where young people live and spend most of their time. As

part of an effort to strengthen community participation in school-based HIV/AIDS activities, teachers and

community members will continue to be trained in mobilizing the community. Parents and communities will

learn about the vulnerability of young people to HIV/AIDS as well as AB activities taking place in the school,

identify local attitudes and behaviors that put young people at risk and what can be done to support them in

abstaining and being faithful. Trained teachers and community members will act as facilitators to guide

communities in examining risky gender norms and behaviors. Communities will develop locally relevant

action plans and will be eligible to apply for small grants to implement the plans. It is expected that 100,000

community members will be reached with messages on AB prevention.

CHANGES2 will continue to fund small grants for schools and community-based organizations, faith-based

organizations and small NGOs implementing AB prevention interventions aimed at young people. The

small grants will continue to be administered by four local qualified NGOs: Adventist Development and

Relief Agency (Adra Kafhi), Copperbelt Health Education Project (CHEP), Family Health Trust (FHT), and

the Programme Against Malnutrition (PAM). These are reputable NGOs with similar grant experience and a

good record in the communities. In FY 2007, CHANGES2 provided these NGOs with training in areas such

as strategic planning, development of workplace HIV/AIDS policies, and monitoring and evaluation.

CHANGES2 will continue to assess the capacity needs of the NGOs and provide necessary capacity

development.

As part of its support to OVC, CHANGES2 provides scholarships to 4,300 needy HIV affected secondary

school students per year. Three scholarship recipients at each of the 160 participating schools (for a total of

480) will be trained as a peer educator to provide information and support to other young people in AB

prevention. This will be implemented by three local NGOs.

CHANGES2 will continue to work with partners to adapt and develop IEC materials which will support its

teacher training and school-based and community activities. Life Skills materials will focus on AB through

building assertiveness and self-esteem, resisting peer pressure, gender equity, and the value of abstinence

before marriage and fidelity within marriage. There will also be a focus on harmful male and female social

norms and behaviors.

CHANGES2 will continue to utilize existing MOE monitoring structures as well as monitoring by provincial

staff to gather data on achievement of indicator targets. All data and reports will be shared with MOE so that

they are abreast of the scope of sexual behaviour of young people and best practices for addressing risk

behavior in the sector.

CHANGES2 increases sustainability of its programs by implementing all activities through existing Zambia

Activity Narrative: Government structures, so that capacity is continuously built within the MOE. In-service training utilizes

MOE personnel from national, provincial, district and zonal levels, to ensure that the knowledge,

methodologies and materials for effective AB prevention are in place even after the program ends. The

development of the pre-service HIV/AIDS Course and the training of College Tutors in the course will lead

to continuously expanding impact as trained teachers graduate from COEs every year with improved skills

for implementing AB prevention. Additionally, the capacity of the local NGOs which will implement the small

grants will be strengthened through support for financial management, monitoring and evaluation and

fundraising. This training and support will assist these indigenous NGOs to continue to grow and initiate

HIV/AIDS prevention activities after PEPFAR support comes to an end.

All FY 2008 targets will be reached by September 30, 2009.

This activity links with the CHANGES2 ABY program.

CHANGES2 will continue to provide scholarships, peer education and livelihood training and support to

AIDS affected orphaned and vulnerable children (OVC) in secondary school. This activity wraps around

and leverages resources from the African Education Initiative (AEI) girl's scholarship program in the six

target provinces and the CHANGES2 education development project funded by USAID.

As of 2006, it is estimated that over 801,000 Zambian children have lost one or both parents to AIDS. AIDS

is putting unprecedented pressure on traditional community structures for supporting orphaned children.

Zambia is experiencing a growing number of households headed by children and poor elderly grandparents.

AIDS orphans are more likely to drop out of school than their non-orphaned counterparts. This often leads

to a cycle of despair, poverty, risky behavior, and HIV infection. In order to assist these children, the GRZ

and partners have provided scholarships to many needy OVC in primary school. CHANGES2 provides

scholarships to needy OVC in secondary school.

Basic school is technically free in Zambia, with pupils paying only for books and other school supplies.

However, high school is prohibitively expensive for the most needy. The young people supported by

CHANGES2 scholarships are among the poorest in Zambia. They have all been affected by HIV/AIDS:

many live with elderly grandparents who also care for many other children; others are in child-headed

households, with no surviving adults to care for them. For these bright young people, a high school

scholarship means the difference between dropping out of school after Grade 9 and completing high school.

In FY 2007, PEPFAR supported scholarships to over 5,000 AIDS-affected OVC. Over the three years of

the program, CHANGES2 has disbursed more than 11,500 scholarships.

In FY 2008, CHANGES2 will provide scholarships to 8,000 OVC in grades 10 - 12 in Lusaka, North-

Western, Copperbelt, Southern, Central and Eastern Provinces.

According to the most recently available MOE data, in 2006, approximately 58% of high school students

were male, 42% were female. A larger proportion of scholarship recipients will be girls in order to address

this gender inequality in high school enrollment.

At each of the participating schools there is a selection committee composed of community members,

religious leaders, students and teachers. The committee reviews applications and ensures that the most

needy and deserving OVC receive scholarships. CHANGES2 will continue to train, monitor and support

these selection committees in order to ensure the fairness and transparency of the selection process. AEI

and CHANGES2 work synergistically to compliment each other with AEI scholarships provided to girls

through grade nine. Those who complete grade 9 and qualify for high school are given scholarships

through CHANGES2.

The comprehensive scholarship package includes tuition, boarding and meals where applicable, uniforms,

books, transportation between the school and home for those who must travel and a small amount of

spending money for basic needs such as soap and toiletry items. Many of the recipients are also trained as

HIV/AIDS Peer Educators. All female recipients receive Comfort Kits. Because the scholarships cover an

entire school year and often include meals and lodging for the student during the school year, making this

intervention cost effective yet relatively more expensive than other OVC programs which provide a different

type of support.

CHANGES2 will train 1,600 scholarship recipients (ten per school) as HIV/AIDS Peer Educators in FY 2008.

The peer educators will work with the teacher who oversees the anti-AIDS Club at the school to promote AB

prevention, involve males in order to promote positive behavior and address harmful social norms around

male behavior, encourage mutual respect between males and females, address violence and coercion,

decrease stigma and discrimination, and support OVC and people living with HIV/AIDS. In 2008, this

training will include a component of information and guidance about different career and work-related

options soon-to-graduate students realistically have, and how to effectively pursue those options.

Female scholarship recipients will continue to receive Comfort Kits with locally manufactured re-usable

sanitary pads. The kits also contain booklets with information on puberty and avoiding HIV infection. It is

expected that this low-cost input will lead to increased attendance among girls, who often miss school when

they are menstruating, as well as increased self-esteem. While the pads themselves are inherently more

sustainable than disposable pads, CHANGES2 will work with Home Economic Departments at select

scholarship schools to train students in sewing the kits. This will further ensure the continuation of this

activity after PEPFAR funding has ceased.

The scholarships will be administered through sub-grants to the Copperbelt Health Education Programme

(CHEP), Family Health Trust (FHT) and the Forum for African Women Educationalists in Zambia

(FAWEZA). CHANGES2 will continue to provide extensive capacity building support to these local NGOs to

efficiently provide scholarships and support. The NGOs will receive CHANGES2 support and training as

needed so that they have sound financial management and reporting, competently implement scholarship

support activities and are able to seek additional funds when PEPFAR funding ends. CHANGES2 will also

strengthen systems at the school level to ensure that schools receiving scholarship support are actively and

effectively addressing issues of quality education, gender equality and sound financial systems.

Additionally, CHANGES2 will continue to work with MoE on coordinating all scholarship programs to ensure

that the maximum number of the most needy OVC receive support.

CHANGES2 will collect data on relevant indicators from NGO partners. Staff will continue to visit schools

which receive scholarships in order to verify the fairness and transparency of the selection process and

payment of fees as well as to monitor and support HIV/AIDS activities which compliment the scholarships.

All FY 2008 targets will be reached by September 30, 2009.