PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
ACTIVITY HAS BEEN MODIFIED IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS FROM COP 2008:
1. Supplemental funds to JSI-MMIS from COP will facilitate:
+JSI-MMIS will work with MOH to train health workers and waste handlers/incinerator operators in 25
districts to ensure that the principles of waste segregation, storage, treatment and disposal are adhered to.
+25 Districts with defective small scale incinerators will be identified and the incinerators rehabilitated in
collaboration the District Health management leadership.
+Assessment and renovation of the six National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS) incinerators will be
conducted.
+Advocacy for rational use of injection medication will be intensified through working with professional
medical associations.
+NO injection commodities will be procured with COP funds.
2. Using Track 1 funds, JSI-MMIS will train 6,000 health workers in seven districts of Eastern Province and
provide injection safety commodities to ensure that no stock-out occurs.
SECONDARY CROSS-CUTTING BUDGET ATTRIBUTIONS
Three of six incinerators situated at Regional Blood Transfusion Centers in Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu,
Embu, Eldoret and Nakuru are non functional. An assessment will be conducted and all six incinerators
repaired to full functional status. Incinerator handlers will be trained and the NBTS advised to institute a
service maintenance contract. These incinerators will handle huge volumes of sharps waste generated at
the provincial /Referral hospitals. Waste management experts in JSI-MMIS will also strengthen practices for
the Blood Safety Program.
Working closely with the Ministry of Health, training and provision of safe injection commodities targets
health workers in the public, faith-based and private sectors. This ensures that all service delivery points for
PEPFAR implementing programs (CT, Care & Treatment, PMTCT) benefit from this activity. JSI-MMIS has
introduced safe injection practices to 6 Provinces covering over 48 Districts through training and supply of
re-use prevention syringes and safety boxes for sharps waste management. To date approximately 70
percent of the country's population has been covered by the MMIS Project. Training in rational injection use
at the Embu Provincial Hospital in 2007 resulted in a dramatic 90% reduction in injection prescription at the
maternal child health clinic (MCH) over a six month period.
COP 2008
1. LINKED ACTIVITIES
The injection safety initiative is linked to all PEPFAR HIV Treatment, Care and Prevention programs and to
the Ministry of Health's National AIDS and STD Control Program (NASCOP) Injection Safety activity. Other
Kenyan stakeholders in the area of injection safety have been mobilized including the country World Health
Organization (WHO), National AIDS Control Council (NACC) and local training institutions including the
University of Nairobi and Kenya Medical Training College. A National Injection Safety Steering Committee
has been established at the Ministry of Health chaired by the Deputy Director of Medical services and Head
of Preventive health services. Membership to this committee is drawn from all the programs at the MOH
(including Expanded program for Immunization - EPI, Laboratory and Public Health) and incorporates the
National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA), World Health organization (WHO), National Aids
Control Council (NACC), University of Nairobi and Kenya Medical Training College.
2. ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION
This activity relates to the prevention of HIV transmission among health care workers, medical waste
handlers and the community. John Snow, Inc. - Making Medical injections Safer, (JSI-MMIS) partners with
Academy for Educational Development (AED) and Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) to
implement the three-step strategy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Safe
Injection Global Network (SIGN) to implement the PEPFAR Injection Safety program in the following
countries: Kenya, Botswana, Cote d'Ivoire, Haiti, Rwanda, South Africa, and Tanzania. These funds will
enable JSI-MMIS in Kenya to scale up injection safety interventions through activities that build on
internationally accepted strategies to health care facilities in Rift Valley and Nairobi provinces. The world
Health Organization (WHO) estimates of global burden of disease suggest that unsafe injections around the
world account for 5% of HIV infections. A 2004 survey by JSI-MMIS in Kenya revealed that over 70% of
respondents received an average of 1.5 injections per year. Needle stick injuries within the previous six
months were reported by 58% of health care workers. These findings supported those of an earlier study by
the University of Nairobi among 214 nurses in Nairobi, which reported 61 % needle stick injuries in health
care workers over a three-month period. Needle recapping accounted for 46% of the injuries while 12%
occurred during disposal of sharps. A majority of health facilities surveyed reported having experienced a
shortage of disposable injection supplies in the 12 months prior to the survey, particularly in the curative
sector. This reflects a less than optimal logistics system for forecasting, procurement, distribution and stock
monitoring that may contribute to re-use of injections. Analysis of the status of injection logistics in the
country revealed that there was no data to support rational forecasting of injection requirements.
Procurement was based on previous consumptions. Appropriate product selection was poor due to lack of
national standards for injection devices, registered suppliers of injection equipment and an appropriate
board to handle non-pharmaceutical equipment. The JSI-Making Medical Injections Safe (JSI-MMIS) activity
commenced in Kenya in 2004 under PEPFAR.
The activity aims to:
+Improve training of health workers and managers on safe injection practices, infection control and disposal
procedures.
+Institute an advocacy strategy to decrease demand for injections by the population.
+Establish reliable estimates of re-use prevention injection device equipment requirements, minimum stock
levels and effective supply and distribution systems for re-use prevention injection device equipment.
+ Institute monitoring and supervision procedures to ensure adequate supplies at all levels and correct
practices by health workers.
+Ensure safe disposal of used injection equipment through the progressive introduction of appropriate
incinerators.
+Secure the required budget for injection safety and infection control including safe disposal of used
Activity Narrative: equipment.
Significant changes in FY09 include scale up of activities to 55 facilities in Nairobi province and nine districts
in eastern Province. In FY 06 and FY07 JSI-MMIS received country funds to facilitate faster expansion
towards national coverage. It was expected that national coverage would be achieved in FY 08 through this
intervention but this will not be possible with current funding levels. In FY09 JSI-MMIS will use Central funds
to conduct training in a remaining four districts of Eastern Province. Health workers in Nairobi City Council
facilities and MOH beyond Kenyatta National Hospital remain untrained. Prioritization with focus on
population density, logistics and HIV prevalence precludes intervention in the North Eastern Province. The
Ministry of Health has committed to increase procurement of auto- disable injection devices and health care
waste disposal containers as well as increased guidance and supervision for injection safety and infection
prevention and control at health care facilities. Significant reduction in prescription of injections and regular
use of sharps disposal containers has occurred in all health facilities that have benefited from this
intervention regions. Additionally, JSI-MMIS, WHO and other partners will collaborate to develop capacity to
address health care waste management (HCWM) issues through the National HCWM Working Group.
Advocacy for rational and safe injection use amongst medical professional associations will reach major
policy/ decision makers within the country.
3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OVERALL PROGRAM AREA
This activity will avert at least 5% of HIV transmission in Kenya. To date over 18,000 health care workers
(clinicians, logistical officers and medical waste handlers) have been trained in safe injection practices and
medical sharps waste management. Interventions have been implemented in six provinces (Central,
Nyanza, Western, Eastern (part), Coast and the Kenyatta National Hospital. In FY09 an additional 6,000
health care workers will be trained in Eastern province.
4. POPULATIONS BEING TARGETED
• Health care workers • Community • Medical Waste handlers • Policy makers
5. EMPHASIS AREAS COVERED
This activity has major emphasis on training to impart improved skills, knowledge and attitudes regarding
safe injection practices to healthcare workers, waste handlers and the community. This activity will also
guide the development of policies to ensure adequate supplies of appropriate injection supplies at health
care facilities and their use thereof.
New/Continuing Activity: New Activity
Continuing Activity:
Emphasis Areas
Health-related Wraparound Programs
* Safe Motherhood
Human Capacity Development
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $80,000
Public Health Evaluation
Food and Nutrition: Policy, Tools, and Service Delivery
Food and Nutrition: Commodities
Economic Strengthening
Education
Water
Program Budget Code: 06 - IDUP Biomedical Prevention: Injecting and non-Injecting Drug Use
Total Planned Funding for Program Budget Code: $500,000
Total Planned Funding for Program Budget Code: $0
Table 3.3.06: