PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
1. ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION AND EMPHASIS AREAS
This activity relates to the prevention of HIV transmission through unsafe medical injections in health care
facilities and in the community through development and implementation of a communication strategy for
Injection safety in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders. Surveys on Injection
practices worldwide indicate that a significant proportion of injections may be unnecessary and are
prescribed due to demand from an uninformed populace or by clinicians for financial gain. Such unsafe
practices and re-use of injection devises are estimated to be contributory to five percent of HIV infections,
32 percent of hepatitis B virus infections, 40 percent of hepatitis C virus infections, 28 percent of liver
cancers, and 24 percent of cirrhosis cases (World Health Organization, 2003). In FY 09 this activity will pilot
the IEC toolkit, 10 messages for reduction of demand for injections and 10 messages to promote the safe
disposal of medical waste that were developed in the previous year. Danya will print 500 copies of each of
the 20 finalized messages to pilot in three provinces. After revision, 10,000 IEC toolkits and 10,000 copies
of each of the 20 messages will be printed for national dissemination of the materials by NASCOP The
outputs will include promotional and campaign materials, such as posters, leaflets, pamphlets, print as well
as community mobilization tools such as publications (magazine and newspaper ads). In the subsequent
year radio advertisements and outdoor media messages will be developed and disseminated. Information
communication and education material produced will reduce demand for unnecessary injections and
promote availability of alternative oral and rectal suppository formulations of commonly used medications at
health facilities. These messages will aim to reduce unnecessary injections through advocacy and behavior
change.
This activity includes a major emphasis on information, education and communication. It is estimated that
up to 5% of HIV infections arise from unsafe injections given in health care facilities. Injection safety can be
enhanced by rational injection use, improved injection practices and proper disposal of medical sharps.
Rational injection use is affected through behaviour change communication. In this activity Danya will
develop appropriate messages and engage best strategies/communication channels for a dissemination
plan to effect behaviour change in the community for a reduction of demand for injections. The outputs will
include promotional and campaign media materials such as posters, leaflets, pamphlets, print as well as
community mobilization tools such as publications (magazine and newspaper ads), merchandise and
community events that promote reduction in injection demand in the first year. In the subsequent year radio
advertisements and outdoor media messages will be developed and disseminated contributing to
prevention of HIV through medical injections.
2. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OVERALL PROGRAM AREA
This activity will improve access to information on best injection practices. Improving communication in
Injection safety will result in safer injection practice and rationalization of injection use and thus contribute to
averting transmission of up to 5% cases of HIV. Reduced transmission of other blood transmissible
infections such as hepatitis B and C will also be achieved.
3. LINKS TO OTHER ACTIVITIES
The Injection safety activities of Danya Int. will be linked to Track 1 activities in injection safety by JSI-
Making Medical injections Safer (JSI-MMIS) , NASCOP, University of Nairobi, Clinical Epidemiology Unit
and PEPFAR treatment, care and prevention programs.
4. POPULATIONS BEING TARGETED
This activity targets policy makers, health care workers and the general public.
New/Continuing Activity: New Activity
Continuing Activity:
Table 3.3.05:
