PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
1. LIST OF RELATED ACTIVITIES This activity is linked to injection safety initiatives implemented by the Ministry of Health, National AIDS and STI Control Program (#7010), JHPIEGO (#8821) and all PEPFAR treatment, care and prevention programs. The activity is also linked to HHS/CDC communication programs in Treatment (#8749) and TB/HIV (#8847, #7046).
2. ACTIVITY DESRIPTION This activity relates to the prevention of HIV transmission through unsafe medical injections in health care facilities and in the community through development and implementation of a communication strategy for Injection safety in collaboration with the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders. Surveys on Injection practices worldwide indicate that a significant proportion of injections may be unnecessary and are prescribed due to demand from an uninformed populace or by clinicians for financial gain. Such unsafe practices and re-use of injection devises are estimated to be contributory to five percent of HIV infections, 32 percent of hepatitis B virus infections, 40 percent of hepatitis C virus infections, 28 percent of liver cancers, and 24 percent of cirrhosis cases (World Health Organization, 2003).
This activity will determine key audiences, key messages, best strategies and communication channels and develop a dissemination plan for the community. The outputs will include promotional and campaign media materials, such as posters, leaflets, pamphlets, print as well as community mobilization tools such as publications (magazine and newspaper ads), merchandise and community events that promote reduction in injection demand in the first year. In the subsequent year radio advertisements and outdoor media messages will be developed and disseminated. Information communication and education material produced will reduce demand for unnecessary injections and promote availability of alternative oral and rectal suppository formulations of commonly used medications at health facilities. These messages will aim to reduce unnecessary injections through advocacy and behavior change.
3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OVERALL PROGRAM AREA This activity will improve access to information on best injection practices. Improving communication in Injection safety will result in safer injection practice and rationalization of injection use and thus contribute to averting transmission of up to 5% cases of HIV. Reduced transmission of other blood transmissible infections such as hepatitis B and C will also be achieved.
4. LINKS TO OTHER ACTIVITIES The Injection safety activities of Danya Int. will be linked to Track 1 activities in injection safety by JSI- Making Medical injections Safer (JSI-MMIS) , NASCOP, University of Nairobi, Clinical Epidemiology Unit and PEPFAR treatment, care and prevention programs.
5. POPULATIONS BEING TARGETED This activity targets policy makers, health care workers and the general public.
6. KEY LEGISLATIVE ISSUES ADDRESSED None.
7. EMPHASIS AREAS This activity includes a major emphasis on information, education and communication.
It is estimated that up to 5% of HIV infections arise from unsafe injections given in health care facilities. Injection safety can be enhanced by rational injection use, improved injection practices and proper disposal of medical sharps. Rational injection use is affected through behaviour change communication. In this activity Danya will determine key audiences, develop appropriate messages and engage best strategies/communication channels for a dissemination plan to effect behaviour change in the community for a reduction of demand for injections. The outputs will include promotional and campaign media materials such as posters, leaflets, pamphlets, print as well as community mobilization tools such as publications (magazine and newspaper ads), merchandise and community events that promote reduction in injection demand in the first year. In the subsequent year radio advertisements and outdoor media messages will be developed and disseminated contributing to prevention of HIV through medical injections.
