1. LIST OF RELATED ACTIVITIES This Internews/Local Voices PMCT activity relates to activities in HIV/AIDS Treatment: ARV Services (#6915), Policy Analysis and Systems Strengthening (#6918), and Orphans and Vulnerable Children (#9076), Counseling and Testing (#6917), and Medical Transmission/Blood Safety (#8705).

2. ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION The 2003 DHS survey found that only a third of women in Kenya know that the risk of HIV transmission can be reduced by the mother taking drugs during pregnancy. It also found that few (40%) women deliver in a health facility. It did, however, find that there are mass media communications channels available to reach women. Over 80% of households own a radio (and 19% a television, up from 13% in 1998). Almost 20% of Kenyan women watch TV weekly, increasing to 59% in urban areas, and 75% listen to the radio at least once a week.

Media can be a powerful force in raising awareness, building knowledge and influencing public opinion. USAID's Local Voices project, implemented by Internews Network, is increasing the use of these mass media channels to disseminate information about prevention and care and supporting radio journalists in HIV reporting of such issues as PMTCT. Since June of 2004 it has conducted two workshops for eight and seven radio journalists on PMTCT issues as well as two training session in effective media relations for eight and 12 NGOs working with PMTCT related issues. These training sessions resulted in 29 radio features about PMTCT in FY 2006 alone. In 2007, Internews will conduct similar courses for television staff. They will conduct seminars and follow-up assistance for TV journalists to help them produce higher quality stories on PMTCT. Through training and a media resource center, better knowledge of PMTCT issues by journalists and talk show hosts can dispel rumors, misinformation, and increase demand for PMTCT services.

By training four TV journalists and four camera operators, at least eight features on primetime TV will reach 4.5 million viewers, increasing demand for PMTCT services. Significant changes from the 2006 COP will include a Training of Trainers (TOT) program for six long-term media trainers with a focus on those in academic institutions such as the Kenya Institute for Mass Communications. This TOT will train lectures, incorporating coverage of PMTCT issues into on-going curricula. Internews will also hold a radio workshop for eight journalists resulting in at least 16 stories on PMTCT. The training program will be supported by on-going mentoring as well as four travel grants, two for TV and two for radio journalists.

Internews will host a one week seminar for 10 officials from the various sectors working in PMTCT related issues. It will also link up these officials with the trained journalists for effective media involvement in awareness and advocacy in PMTCT issues.

3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OVERALL PROGRAM AREA Internews PMTCT activities country wide will significantly contribute to PEPFAR's goals for both primary prevention and care by reaching about 4.5 million people. Planned activities will improve equity in access to HIV prevention and care services by raising awareness and increasing demand.

4. LINKS TO OTHER ACTIVITIES This INTERNEWS/Local Voices PMTCT activity relates to activities in HIV/AIDS Treatment services (#6915), Policy Analysis and Systems Strengthening (#6918), and Orphans and Vulnerable Children (#9076), Counseling and Testing (#6917), and Blood safety (#8705). PMTCT services include counseling and testing which is largely diagnostic, provision of ARV prophylaxis, and appropriate referrals for the management of opportunistic infections.

5. POPULATIONS BEING TARGETED This activity targets adults of reproductive health age, pregnant women, family planning clients, their spouses, the youth and the media. It's hoped that after these targeted messages are heard, people who would have otherwise felt uncomfortable to seek treatment and care will do so, thus increasing access for all communities. BCC activities will also involve community leaders and community based organizations to increase demand for services amongst community members. Strategies to improve quality of services will target Ministry of Health staff, doctors, nurses, midwives and other health

care workers such as clinical officers and public health officers in both public and faith based facilities.

6. KEY LEGISLATIVE ISSUES ADDRESSED Women have the highest HIV burden both through infection and as care givers. This activity will increase gender equity in programming through working in the print and electronic media and partnering with health care workers, other donors and health care facilities in the design of community mobilization approach. The behavior change communication (BCC) activities will promote a family approach to PMTCT and letting women know where to get PMTCT services will give them an opportunity to access care and improve pregnancy outcomes for themselves, their spouses and their infants. It will also address male norms, encourage male participation and help reduce stigma and discrimination. Increased availability of PMTCT messages will help reduce stigma, dispel rumors and misinformation and increase demand for PMTCT services at community and facility level.

7. EMPHASIS AREAS This activity includes a major emphasis on information, education and communication and minor emphasis on local organization capacity development.

1. LIST OF RELATED ACTIVITIES This Internews/Local Voices blood safety activity relates to Internews/Local Voices activities in HIV/AIDS Treatment Services (#6915), OVC (#9076), and PMTCT (#6916), Counseling and Testing (#6917), and Policy Analysis and Systems Strengthening (#6918).

2. ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION Kenya has recently been facing a serious shortfall in safe blood to meet transfusion needs in the country. The number of blood units collected has fallen dramatically from 150,000 in the 1960s to 60,000 in the mid-nineties and then up to 100,000 at present (Republic of Kenya, 2002). The shrinking amount of willing donors is occurring simultaneously with an increasing demand for blood, and has been attributed to reluctance by donors to come forward and donate blood.

Through a cooperative agreement between the Kenyan Ministry of Health and USAID, Family Health International conducted a nationwide survey in June 2004 of knowledge, attitudes and behavioural practices related to blood donation in Kenya with the intention to provide insights into ways of developing a more efficient blood donor recruitment and retention campaign. Carried out with 1175 selected respondents, the study found that levels of awareness on blood donation are high; however, the quality of the information needed improvement. The main source of information for most respondents was from hospital staff with very little information being obtained from the National Blood Transfusion Service (NBTS) or the mass media. Among major hindrances to blood donation was the fear of being known to be HIV positive. Although media outreach is a critical component of donor mobilization efforts, traditionally, relations between blood services and the media have been limited to occasional press releases or paid advertisements which are expensive and difficult to evaluate.

The study clearly suggested a larger role for media in any strategy aimed to educate the public to increase or improve blood donation in Kenya, as media can be a powerful force in raising awareness, building knowledge and influencing public opinion. With the background knowledge provided by the Kenyan Ministry of Health report, Internews will aim to improve access to information on blood safety with existing and potential blood donors by training journalists to increase the frequency and quality of stories on blood safety issues. Under the Local Voices program, 4 senior radio journalists, 4 senior TV journalists and 4 camera people will be trained resulting in 4 news features on radio and TV on safe blood as well as 4 shorter features. In addition, a workshop will be held for 10 safe blood NGOs, including the Kenya Red Cross, Hope Worldwide and Bloodlink Foundation as well as service providers, hospitals and government bodies on effective media relations. This NGO training will result in at least 10 blood transfusion stories being aired or published as a result of a media conference that will be held on the last day. Two afternoon roundtables on safe blood issues will also be held for journalists and NGOs. The training program will be supported by on-going mentorship and follow-up, as well as 4 travel grants for TV that will result in at least 8 additional TV features on blood safety being aired.

3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OVERALL PROGRAM AREA Improving the media's coverage of blood safety will help the Government of Kenya reach its goal of increasing the size of the volunteer blood donor pool by 40% a year (i.e., to 100,000 donations/year by the end of 2006). Moreover, through a successful partnership with the media, the Kenya National Blood Transfusion Service will be able to recruit more volunteer, non-remunerated blood donors and be able to reduce its donor mobilization budget. Lower costs will contribute to the overall financial sustainability of the blood supply in Kenya. Internews blood safety activities country wide will significantly contribute to PEPFAR's goals for both primary prevention and care by reaching about 4.5 million people. Planned activities will raise awareness to increase blood donations.

4. LINKS TO OTHER ACTIVITIES This Internews/Local Voices blood safety activity relates to Internews/Local Voices activities in HIV/AIDS Treatment Services (#6915), OVC (#9076), and PMTCT (#6916), Counseling and Testing (#6917), and Policy Analysis and Systems Strengthening (#6918). The blood safety activities of the Internews project countrywide relate to CT, as it will incorporate information on the need to get tested for HIV.

5. POPULATIONS BEING TARGETED This activity targets the general population both male and female. This activity targets existing and potential blood donors in Kenya. Moreover, as most existing blood donors have been young males, it is hoped that these activities will encourage more women to donate.

6. KEY LEGISLATIVE ISSUES ADDRESSED This activity will improve access to information, to better enable Kenyans in their decision-making on blood donation.

7. EMPHASIS AREAS This activity includes a major training and minor emphases on information, education and communication and capacity development.

Internews will aim to improve information on blood safety by training journalists to increase the frequency and quality of stories on blood safety issues. Senior radio and TV journalists (8) and 4 cameramen will be trained resulting in 8 safe blood news features on radio and TV. In addition, a workshop will be held for 10 safe blood NGOs, service providers, hospitals and government bodies on effective media relations resulting in at least 10 blood transfusion stories being aired. Improving the media's coverage of blood safety will help increase volunteer blood donors l by 40% a year. Moreover, a successful partnership with the media will help reduce the donor mobilization budget. Lower costs will contribute to the overall financial sustainability of the blood supply in Kenya. Internews blood safety activities country wide will significantly contribute to PEPFAR's goals for both primary prevention and care by reaching about 4.5 million people.

1. LIST OF RELATED ACTIVITIES This INTERNEWS/Local Voices Orphans and Vulnerable Children activity relates to activities in HIV/AIDS Treatment services (#6915), Policy Analysis and Systems Strengthening (#6918), and PMTCT (#6916), Counseling and Testing (#6917) and Blood safety(#8705).

2. ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION This activity will organize two workshops for 8 radio journalists on OVC issues as well as two training sessions in effective media relations for 8 NGOs working in OVC issues. Media can be a powerful force in raising awareness, building knowledge and influencing public opinion. USAID's Local Voices project, implemented by Internews Network, is increasing the use of these mass media channels to disseminate information about prevention and care and supporting radio journalists in HIV reporting of such issues as OVC. These training sessions will result in 16 radio features about OVC. In addition, Internews will conduct similar courses for television staff. They will conduct seminars and follow up assistance for TV journalists to help them produce higher quality stories on OVC. Through training and a media resource center, better knowledge of OVC issues by journalists and talk show hosts can dispel rumors, misinformation, and increase demand and support for OVC.

By training 4 TV journalists and 4 camera operators, at least eight features on prime time TV will reach 4.5 million viewers, increasing demand for OVC services. The training will include a TOT program for six long-term media trainers with a focus on those in academic institutions such as the Kenya Institute for Mass Communications. This TOT will train lectures, incorporating coverage of OVC issues into on-going curricula. The training program will be supported by on-going mentoring as well as 4 travel grants, 2 for TV and 2 for radio.

This activity will result in the expansion of television and print media with a specialty in HIV/AIDS journalism. The media can be a powerful force for raising awareness, building knowledge, and influencing public opinion. It has a critical role to play in helping to create an enabling environment for social change. The proposed activity will build on the Internews' current efforts to train and equip the broadcast media to play this essential role.

Up until FY 2005 Internews organized and presented trainings on HIV/AIDS feature reporting for radio professionals and some TV journalists; in FY 2006 Emergency Plan funds supported the expansion of support to include television and the print media in the country, with the launch of the television support expected to take place in November 2006.

3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OVERALL PROGRAM AREA Internews Network's program addresses the important function of increased media awareness and accurate reporting of HIV/AIDS nationwide and contributes to Kenya's 5-Year focus on greater transparency and understanding of HIV/AIDS among policy makers and the general population.

4. LINKS TO OTHER ACTIVITIES This activity links to all other activities within the Orphans and vulnerable children program area and is also linked to activities in HIV/AIDS Treatment services (#6915), Policy Analysis and Systems Strengthening (#6918), and PMTCT (#6916), Counseling and Testing (#6917) and Blood safety(#8705).

5. POPULATIONS BEING TARGETED The activity targets broadcast journalists, who in turn effectively reach policy makers and the general population. Other targeted populations include community and religious leaders and Groups/Organizations which include community-based and faith-based organizations.

6. KEY LEGISLATIVE ISSUES ADDRESSED The key legislative issue addressed is stigma and discrimination.

7. EMPHASIS AREAS

This activity has a major emphasis on local organization capacity building and a minor training emphasis.

1. LIST OF RELATED ACTIVITIES This INTERNEWS/Local Voices Counseling and Testing activity relates to activities in HIV/AIDS Treatment services [#6915], OVC [#9076], and PMTCT [#6916], Blood safety [#8705], and Policy Analysis and Systems Strengthening [#6918].

2. ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION According to the Kenyan Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), four out of every five HIV-positive Kenyans don't know that they have contracted the virus. Internews will increase demand for counseling and testing (CT) services through innovative communications and by encouraging reporting on the subject via radio and television. The primary strategy will be to train journalists and talk show hosts to equip them with the skills to accurately report on complex CT related issues, which are commons sources of rumors, misconceptions, and public misinformation.

In FY 2007, Internews will specifically train 4 television journalists and 4 camera people and support them in producing 8 high quality features to be broadcast on prime time TV programs in Kenya, estimated to reach 2 million viewers around the country. This activity will contribute to increased access to and utilization of diagnostic, routine, and voluntary counseling and testing. Internews will also train leaders from 8 NGOs such as Liverpool VCT, Nazareth Hospital, etc. on effective media communications on CT. In addition, 4 travel grants will be provided for coverage of CT, 2 for TV and 2 for radio.

Internews Network Inc. is an international non-profit organization that supports open media worldwide. In Kenya, the organization is committed to training broadcast journalists, supporting improved news reporting and programming about the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its impact on local communities. The radio content analysis research in Kenya, conducted by Steadman International, has shown that the frequency of HIV/AIDS radio programs in Kenya has increased by at least 50% since this activity started two years ago. There has also been a significant increase in the quality and diversity of programs, with the voices of PLWHAs being heard far more often on radio.

To date Internews has conducted 3 training workshops for radio journalists on VCT and one on diagnostic testing and counseling (DCT), resulting in over 50 radio programs aired on these issues. Since May 2004, Internews has operated a Media Resource Center (MRC) in Nairobi. The MRC is stocked with more than 2,000 HIV/AIDS publications and offers internet access to provide Kenyan journalists with desperately needed resources to produce stories about HIV/AIDS. It also provides computers with digital sound editing programs, as well as the help of a sound technician and senior journalists, to assist in the production of programs.

3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OVERALL PROGRAM AREA This project will contribute to the Kenya 5-Year Strategy that focuses on number of people Counseled and Tested. This activity will contribute to increased access to and utilization of diagnostic, routine, and voluntary counseling and testing.

4. LINKS TO OTHER ACTIVITIES This INTERNEWS/Local Voices Counseling and Testing activity relates to activities in HIV/AIDS Treatment services [#6915], OVC [#9076], and PMTCT [#6916], Blood safety [#8705], and Policy Analysis and Systems Strengthening [#6918].

5. POPULATIONS BEING TARGETED Targeted populations include the general Population (Men and women), People Living with AIDS, Host country government workers, especially Policy makers, who are involved in the training sessions.

6. KEY LEGISLATIVE ISSUES ADDRESSED Through the training sessions stigma and discrimination are addressed.

7. EMPHASIS AREAS Internews places major emphasis on Training and minor emphasis on capacity building for media houses targeting journalists and talk show hosts. Information, Education and Communication is another minor emphasis area in which Internews will continue to provide services through the media resource center set up by the project.

1. LIST OF RELATED ACTIVITIES This activity relates to all other activities in ARV services program area.

2. ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION ARV treatment is rapidly becoming available at many sites across Kenya. Information and education for communities and society on the realities of ART use needs to be in place. In FY 2007 Internews will assist in distributing accurate information on the effectiveness and need for ARVs through innovative communications and encouraging reporting on the subject on radio and television. The primary strategy will be to train journalists and talk show hosts to equip them with the skills to accurately report on complex ARV related issues, which are commons sources of rumors, misconceptions, and public misinformation. In FY 2007 Internews will particularly focus on the need for pediatric ARVs. Internews will specifically train six senior radio professionals in reporting accurately and effectively on the science of ARVs, as well as ten senior radio journalists on reporting on the need for pediatric ARVs. This training will result in at least 24 ARV programs being broadcast on the radio. Internews will also train 4 senior TV journalists on the science of ARVs. This will result in the broadcast of 8 feature ARV TV features. From experience over the past three years, Internews has found that training a small number of journalists intensively is far more effective than training a large number. When trained in small numbers and closely supported after the training, journalists tend to do considerably more follow-up reporting on ARV issues. This training will result in trainees obtaining the knowledge and skills to engage the media effectively in their advocacy campaigns and will put them in close contact with various experienced Kenyan journalists who serve as co-trainers in our workshops.

Internews Network, Inc. is an international non-profit organization that supports open media worldwide. There has been a significant improvement in the quality of programs and diversity of topics discussed on air, with the voices of PLWHA being heard far more often. Internews efforts to date to prepare radio journalists and talk show hosts to effectively report on ART issues has resulted in 50 radio features and talk shows aired on Kenyan radio since 2004, far exceeding our original goal.

3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OVERALL PROGRAM AREA This activity will increase accurate media reporting on ART issues and improve knowledge among the general public on HIV care and treatment issues. This will also increase demand for HIV care services and increase the numbers on ART in Kenya thus contribute to reaching the treatment targets.

4. LINKS TO OTHER ACTIVITIES This activity supports initiatives by other donors targeting media communications on ARV treatment. This activity is linked to the ARV Services Communication Campaign in the 2006 COP and also supports initiatives by other donors targeting media communications on ARV treatment.

5. POPULATIONS BEING TARGETED People living with HIV/AIDS, General Public, Business Community/ private sector, in in particular media owners.

6. KEY LEGISLATIVE ISSUES ADDRESSED This activity addresses stigma and discrimination against PLWHA.

7. EMPHASIS AREAS Training is the major emphasis area, with minor emphases in local organization capacity development community participation and information, education and communication.

1. LIST OF RELATED ACTIVITIES This Internews/Local Voices Policy Analysis and System Strengthening activity relates to activities in HTXS (#6915), HKID (#9076), MTCT (#6916), HVCT (#6917), and HMBL (#8705).

2. ACTIVITY DESCRIPTION This activity will result in the expansion of television and print media with a specialty in HIV/AIDS journalism. The media can be a powerful force for raising awareness, building knowledge, and influencing public opinion. It has a critical role to play in helping to create an enabling environment for social change. The proposed activity will build on Internews' current efforts to train and equip the broadcast media to play this essential role.

Until FY 2005, Internews organized and presented trainings on HIV/AIDS feature reporting specifically for radio professionals and some TV journalists. In FY 2006, Emergency Plan funds supported the expansion of support to include television and print media in the country, with the launch of the television support expected to take place in November 2006.

Currently, Internews maintains a Media Resource Center, a radio studio and a TV studio - all available free of charge to journalists wishing to produce quality HIV/AIDS stories. On-site assistance is provided for such journalists - a sound technician and video editor assist with editing and compiling programs, a senior journalist helps with script writing, a camera man with filming, and a media researcher with finding appropriate interviewees and information.

Internews workshops keep the local media engaged in effective HIV/AIDS reporting. As a strategy for strengthening this engagement, in FY 2007 Internews will continue to provide a forum for journalists to regularly interact with HIV/AIDS NGOs and vice versa. Emergency Plan funds will directly support the following key activities: i) organizing eight round tables during which HIV/AIDS stories produced by journalists are played and discussed by both groups; ii) selecting Internews-trained journalists as workshop co-trainers in order to build their capacity to lead this activity and to move towards an exit strategy; iii) supporting an annual award to recognize excellence in reporting on HIV among Internews trainees; iv) supporting 10 travel grants on HIV-related stigma and discrimination, 5 for radio and 5 for TV, resulting in 10 programs, and v) expanding Media Resource Center facilities by funding an archivist position to support the increased numbers of TV and radio journalists accessing and using MRC reference materials.

3. CONTRIBUTIONS TO OVERALL PROGRAM AREA Internews Network's program addresses the important function of increased media awareness and accurate reporting of HIV/AIDS nationwide and contributes to Kenya's 5 Year strategic focus on greater transparency and understanding of HIV/AIDS among policy makers and the general population.

4. LINKS TO OTHER ACTIVITIES This activity links to all other activities within the Policy Analysis and System Strengthening program area through its focus on accurately portraying issues surrounding HIV/AIDS in the media. It is also linked to Internews activities in HTXS (#6915), HKID (#9076), MTCT (#6916), HVCT (#6917), and HMBL (#8705).

5. POPULATIONS BEING TARGETED The activity targets broadcast journalists, who in turn effectively reach policy makers and the general population.

6. KEY LEGISLATIVE ISSUES ADDRESSED The key legislative issue addressed is stigma and discrimination.

7. EMPHASIS AREAS This activity has a major emphasis on local organization capacity building and a minor emphasis on training.