This activity is linked to HKID #8850.

CHANGES2 will continue to expand its comprehensive skills-based ABY program to strengthen the capacity of teachers and local community organizations to implement AB activities targeting in-school youth. This activity will wrap around the CHANGES2 education development activity which includes African Education Initiative (AEI) funds and will leverage existing educational resources to implement ABY activities.

Though the vast majority of school-aged children are not infected and have not yet initiated risky behaviors, one-in-two 15 year-old Zambians are at a lifetime risk of dying of AIDS. Girls are at far higher risk of infection than boys, largely due to intergenerational sex. Using PEPFAR funding, CHANGES2 is delivering activities in schools and communities which target primary school students' knowledge, skills and attitudes and, equally important, the skills and attitudes of teachers and the community about young people, gender, abstinence and transmission of HIV. This is done through in-service and pre-service training of teachers, outreach and small grants to communities and the training of young people as peer educators.

In FY 2006, CHANGES2 trained 800 teachers at 400 schools in Central, Copperbelt, Lusaka and Southern Provinces to implement AB activities at school. This brought the total number of in-service teachers trained to 1,600 since the program began in FY 2005. CHANGES2 also worked with over 800 community and religious leaders in the surrounding communities to change attitudes and practices, especially those that put girls at risk.

In FY 2007, CHANGES2 will expand to 400 new basic schools and communities in the four target provinces with in-service training provided to 800 teachers—including the Head teachers and/or Deputy Head teachers at each school. Senior level staff involvement is crucial as it is they who will ensure that the HIV/AIDS prevention is implemented in their schools. Through these schools, it is expected that 150,000 children will be reached with age-appropriate messages starting in grade one. In-service training will be carried out in selected educational zones within the four focus provinces. Over 3 years of operation, CHANGES2 will have directly reached nearly 20% of primary schools and 20% of primary school teachers in the country with AB prevention. Through close collaboration with and capacity building of the Ministry of Education (MOE) and teacher training institutions (described below), CHANGES2 will actually have a much wider impact.

In FY 2006, CHANGES2 carried out pre-service teacher training on HIV/AIDS prevention with an emphasis on AB. AIR and MOE trained student teachers in appreciating the importance of their role in helping their future students avoid HIV infection and the necessity of keeping themselves healthy and acting as positive role models. The training also included support to school-based anti-AIDS clubs which promote AB, support to OVC and People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and reducing stigma and discrimination and alcohol abuse. At the same time, CHANGES2 has been working with MOE to develop an HIV/AIDS Course for Colleges of Education (CoEs). The course will address AB, gender-based sexual coercion and violence and the high rate of infection among girls. The modules will have a strong emphasis on participatory teaching methodologies, community outreach and life skills.

Also in FY 2006, CHANGES2 trained 43 College Tutors from the 10 basic CoEs in developing and managing peer education activities among students. CHANGES2 and MOE used this activity to leverage significant additional funds from the Zambia National AIDS Relief Association (ZANARA). ZANARA will work with district level MOE and Ministry of Health staff to support peer education among student teachers who are in their school-based year.

In FY 2007, CHANGES2 will support the roll out of the HIV/AIDS Course in the CoEs so this will be a lasting part of the education system. At the same time, any student teachers who do not benefit from the new course will receive extra-curricular training. It is expected that 2,300 College Tutors and student teachers will be reached through these intensive pre-service trainings. CHANGES2 will continue to fund small grants for schools and community-based organizations, faith-based organizations and small NGOs implementing AB prevention interventions aimed at young people. The small grants will be administered by four local qualified NGOs: Adventist Development and Relief Agency

(Adra Kafhi), Copperbelt Health Education Project (CHEP), Family Health Trust (FHT), and the Programme Against Malnutrition (PAM). These are reputable NGOs with similar grant experience and a good record in the communities. CHANGES2 will continue to assess the capacity needs of the NGOs and provide necessary capacity development.

School-based activities must be mirrored in the homes and surrounding community so that young people receive consistent messages inside and outside of school. As part of an effort to strengthen community participation in school-based HIV/AIDS activities, teachers will continue to be trained in mobilizing the community. Parents and communities will learn about the vulnerability of young people to HIV/AIDS as well as AB activities taking place in the school, identify local attitudes and behaviors that put young people at risk and what can be done to support them in abstaining and being faithful. Facilitators will guide communities in examining risky gender norms and behaviors. Communities will develop locally relevant action plans and will be eligible to apply for small grants to implement the plans. It is expected that 50,000 community members will be reached with messages on AB prevention.

As part of its support to OVC, CHANGES2 provides scholarships to 4,000 needy HIV affected secondary school students per year (#8850). Half of new FY 2007 scholarship recipients, 500 young people, will be trained as peer educators to provide information and support to other young people in AB prevention. This will be implemented by at least one local NGO, yet to be identified.

CHANGES2 will continue to work with partners to adapt and develop IEC materials which will support its teacher training and school-based and community activities. Life Skills materials will focus on AB through building assertiveness and self-esteem, resisting peer pressure, gender equity, and the value of abstinence before marriage and fidelity within marriage. There will also be a focus on harmful male and female social norms and behaviors.

CHANGES2 will continue to utilize existing MOE monitoring structures as well as monitoring by provincial staff to gather data on achievement of indicator targets. All data and reports will be shared with MOE so that they are abreast of the scope of sexual behavior of young people and best practices for addressing risk behavior in the sector.

CHANGES2 increases sustainability by implementing all activities through existing Zambia Government structures, so that capacity is continuously built within the MOE. In-service training utilizes MOE personnel from national, provincial, district and zonal levels, to ensure that the knowledge, methodologies and materials for effective AB prevention are in place even after the program ends. The institutionalizing of the pre-service HIV/AIDS Course and College Tutor training in the course will ensure that all trained teachers who graduate from CoEs annually will be equipped with skills for imparting AB prevention. Additionally, the capacity of the local NGOs which will implement the small grants will be strengthened through support for financial management, monitoring and evaluation and fundraising. This training and support will assist these indigenous NGOs to continue to grow and initiate HIV/AIDS prevention activities after PEPFAR support comes to an end.

This activity links with HVAB #8851. CHANGES2 will continue to provide scholarships and peer education training and support to AIDS-affected orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in secondary school. This activity wraps around and leverages resources from the African Education Initiative (AEI) girl's scholarship program in the six target provinces and the CHANGES2 education development project funded by USAID. CHANGES2 will also continue to use PEPFAR funds to assist communities in supporting OVC in primary schools targeted through the CHANGES2 ABY activity. .. As of 2006, it is estimated that over 801,000 children have lost one or both parents to AIDS. AIDS is putting unprecedented pressure on traditional community structures for supporting orphaned children. Zambia is experiencing a growing number of households headed by children and poor elderly grandparents. AIDS orphans are more likely to drop out of school than their non-orphaned counterparts. This leads to a cycle of despair, poverty, risky behavior, and HIV infection. In order to assist these children, the GRZ and partners have provided scholarships to many needy OVC in primary school. CHANGES2 provides scholarships to needy OVC in secondary school. The PEPFAR-supported CHANGES2 OVC scholarship program is implemented in close collaboration with the Ministry of Education's (MOE) Bursary Scheme and AEI scholarships. The USG scholarship program is consistent with and complementary to the MOE program: (1) MOE provides scholarships for primary school children; (2) PEPFAR supports high school students; (3) PEPFAR scholarships are specifically for AIDS affected orphans and HIV+ children in grades 10-12 with priority given to OVC living in child-headed and grandparent-headed households that are below the poverty level. The USG supported scholarships also have a HIV/AIDS peer education program that works with scholarship recipients. AEI and CHANGES2 work synergistically to compliment each other with AEI scholarships provided to girls through grade 9. Many of these OVC do not continue with secondary schooling due to the expense of high school tuition. CHANGES2 supports AIDS affected scholarship recipients from the AEI program who complete grade 9 and perform well on their exams to make the difficult transition from primary to high school. USG-supported scholarships for OVC include payment of tuition, board or housing costs, books, uniforms, transportation costs, and other basic needs. This total scholarship package costs approximately $200 per recipient per year plus administrative and capacity building costs. The scholarships will be administered through sub-grants to the Forum for African Women Educationalists in Zambia (FAWEZA) and at least one other local partner. CHANGES2 will continue to provide capacity building training and other necessary support to FAWEZA to improve financial management, monitoring and reporting and peer education training to young people. They will also conduct needs assessments and carry out appropriate capacity building activities for additional local NGO partners. In 2005, approximately 55% of high school students were male and 45% were female. A larger proportion of scholarship recipients will be girls in order to address the gender inequality in high school enrollment. OVC recipients will have mentors who will provide them with support to stay in school and perform well. In FY 2006, PEPFAR-supported scholarships went to over 3,500 AIDS-affected OVC. This was achieved in spite of a drastic appreciation of the Zambian kwacha through judicious cut-backs to students for soap and uniforms and by supporting more pupils in day schools rather than boarding schools. It is recognized that OVC often lack money for very basic items which affect their schooling and that boarding schools often offer a better opportunity for study. However, cutting these costs allowed for more OVC to attend high school and was seen as preferable to decreasing the number of young people afforded the opportunity to continue their education. CHANGES2 has leveraged additional AEI funds to provide psychosocial support to OVC, as well as small grants to communities to support the educational needs of OVC. This support was provided to 500 OVC in 80 target basic schools. CHANGES2 will attempt to continue to leverage these funds and expand this activity to additional schools in FY 2007. In FY 2007, CHANGES2 will provide scholarships to at least 4,000 OVC in grades 10-12 in Lusaka, North-Western, Copperbelt, Southern, Central, and Eastern Provinces. OVC students in all districts of these provinces are eligible for scholarships. However, OVC from child-headed and grandparent-headed households will be given priority. Communities participate in selection of recipients through local selection committees made up of the Head Teacher, community members, religious leaders and at least one student. A selection committee exists at each school which receives scholarships. In addition to receiving the scholarship package, CHANGES2 will train 500 scholarship recipients as HIV/AIDS Peer Educators in FY 2007. CHANGES2 will work with NGO partners in the education sector to support anti-AIDS clubs through provision of IEC materials and training teachers to be active and effective club patrons. Anti-AIDS clubs will promote AB prevention, involve

males to promote positive behavior, address harmful social norms around male behavior, encourage mutual respect between males and females, address violence and coercion, decrease stigma and discrimination, and support OVC and people living with HIV/AIDS. It is estimated that CHANGES2 will support clubs in 160 secondary schools and reach at least 4,800 young people, including scholarship recipients. CHANGES2 will continue to provide small grants to schools, CBOs, Zonal and District Education Resource Centers, and other qualified organizations with innovative OVC activities. This may include activities such as schools gardens, orchards or fish ponds with the food produced used to feed OVC within school or the deployment of retired teachers in the community to provide extra tutoring for OVC who are struggling academically in school. These activities will reach at least 600 OVC. CHANGES2 will continue to link individual OVC, families, and communities to relevant local services to meet their physical and nutritional needs. CHANGES2 will collect data on relevant indicators from NGO partners. Staff will continue to visit schools which receive scholarships in order to verify the selection process and payment of fees as well as to monitor and support HIV/AIDS activities which complement the scholarships. Data on the impact of OVC interventions in basic schools will be collected through annual surveys and compared to baseline data. To ensure sustainable services for OVC, CHANGES2 will continue to build the capacity of FAWEZA to efficiently provide scholarships and support. In order to broaden the scholarship disbursement capacity in Zambia and generate new and creative ways of providing scholarships and support activities, CHANGES2 will identify and fund at least one additional local NGO to implement a portion of the scholarship activity. The NGOs will receive CHANGES2 support and training as needed so that they have sound financial management and reporting, competently implement scholarship support activities and are able to seek additional funds when PEPFAR funding ends. The NGOs, in turn, will strengthen local selection committees to ensure that the neediest and most deserving young people are selected for scholarships. Additionally, CHANGES2 will continue to work with MOE on coordinating all scholarship programs to ensure that the maximum number of the most needy OVC receive support. Plus up funding in the amount of $200,000 is being requested in FY07 to provide more scholarships to OVC. The total amount of funding for this activity in FY07 will be $2,000,000.

Play Pumps PPP: This activity links with CHANGES2 HVAB (#8851) and HKID (#8850). CHANGES2 provides scholarships, peer education training and support to AIDS-affected orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in secondary school. This activity wraps around and leverages resources from the African Education Initiative (AEI) girl's scholarship program in the six target provinces and the CHANGES2 education development project funded by USAID. CHANGES2 also uses PEPFAR funds to assist communities in supporting OVC in primary schools targeted through the CHANGES2 ABY activity. CHANGES2 provides scholarships to needy OVC in secondary school. The PEPFAR-supported CHANGES2 OVC scholarship program is implemented in close collaboration with the Ministry of Education's (MOE) Bursary Scheme and AEI scholarships. CHANGES2 will partner with OGAC, the USAID African Education Initiative, PlayPumps International and the Case Foundation to bring the benefits of clean drinking water to schools where AB activities are being implemented. CHANGES2 will work with the Ministry of Education to identify community and public schools in need of PlayPumps. The Play Pumps PPP will be implemented using an integrated approach through existing activities that include school health, OVC scholarships, AB prevention activities, and school and community partnerships.CHANGES2 will continue implementing school health and nutrition activities with an inclusion of the intervention on water and sanitation. The water tanks will advertise HIV/AIDS messages to raise awareness and prevent the spread of the disease. To reduce dropouts and encourage girls to continue their education after puberty, latrines/toilets and sinks will be built at the schools with PlayPumps. Play pumps sites will also be used as points for HIV/AIDS sensitization to both the children and the local communities.

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Targets

Target Target Value Not Applicable Number of OVC served by OVC programs 4,300
Number of providers/caregivers trained in caring for OVC 

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