PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
Years of mechanism: 2007 2008 2009
ACTIVITY HAS BEEN MODIFIED IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
TITLE: Strengthening and scaling up HIV Testing and Counseling services
NEED and COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE:
Lack of testing and counseling services result in missed opportunities for HIV-infected individuals to obtain
needed treatment and support services. Furthermore, the government targets for care and treatment are not
achievable without strengthening and scaling up of the existing client-initiated voluntary counseling and
testing (VCT) and introducing PITC services given that there are only 1981 VCT sites across Tanzania.
PITC will lead to a higher uptake of testing, and increase in the number of infected patients identified, able
to access care, treatment and support services. IntraHealth International (IHI), with its experience in
capacity building, HIV/AIDS training and service delivery, and excellent relations with the GoTZ through its
existing CDC and USAID-funded projects in Tanzania, is the best partner to roll out PITC services,
strengthen VCT services and improve referral systems to ART services nationally.
ACTIVITIES
1) Quality PITC and VCT services provided in 100 supported health facilities, 56 hospital-based VCT sites,
and planned expansion in an additional 35 health facilities in five more districts in the three supported
regions. More people will know their HIV status, be able to adopt appropriate preventive behaviors, and
those infected access care, treatment and support services. This will be accomplished by: a) integrating
PITC services into outpatients, in-patients departments, laboratory, family planning and child welfare clinics
in the supported hospitals and health centers b) strengthening intra- and inter-facility referral systems and
community/facility referral networks, which will ensure that all those testing HIV-positive will be enrolled in
the care and treatment program; c) strengthening risk-reduction counseling and community support
networks as appropriate to all individuals who test, regardless of test results and d) procuring HIV test kits
as a buffer stock for anticipated stock-outs in the 135 supported facilities and the 56 VCT sites. The
performance of the 56 VCT sites, currently supported by NACP, is below the expectation of the Government
and USG. Intrahealth's Performance Improvement model will be used to identify gaps and develop
appropriate improvement interventions.
2) Train PITC trainers, service providers, and Regional/Council Health Management Teams (R/CHMT).
District capacity to supervise PITC services will be enhanced, and each health facility will have trained staff
to provide quality PITC and VCT services. 15 trainers in the new five districts will be trained and 17 existing
PITC/VCT trainers will receive refresher training on teaching methodology. These trainers will be used to
train a total of 384 health workers in PITC and 244 VCT counselors. Refresher course on couple
counseling for 105 health workers already trained in PITC will be conducted to strengthen their skills in
providing post-test counseling, especially for discordant couples and prevention for positives. 12 RHMT
members per region and ten CHMT members per district will be trained in mentoring and supportive
supervision.
3) Orient and disseminate PITC policy guidelines in the new five districts to mobilize district leaders, CHMT
members, and health workers to endorse and use national PITC policy guidelines in their areas of work. IHI
will print and distribute 200 copies of the national PITC policy guidelines. IHI will also provide one copy of
the guideline to each health worker trained in PITC and develop and print a Kiswahili booklet on frequently
asked questions (FAQ) during post test counseling.
4) In collaboration with Kasulu district Council IHI will advocate for task shifting in HIV testing and
counseling services in
an effort to have more non-health workers and non-providers participate in the provision of HIV testing and
counseling services including referral for care, treatment and support services. To accomplish this activity,
IHI will: a) develop an advocacy package for task shifting in HIV testing and counseling that targets policy
makers at national level and b) pilot-test the training of 30 lay counselors in Kasulu district who are
volunteer workers engaged with primary health care services. Task shifting activities will be conducted with
approval from the National AIDS Control Program (NACP).
5) Strengthen quality assurance systems by mentoring health workers and facilitative supervision of 135
health facilities providing PITC services. The QA system will ensure that PITC services comply with national
protocols for safety, human rights, and confidentiality. IntraHealth will directly assist with post-training follow-
ups and in collaboration with respective R/CHMT, will provide mentoring and facilitative supervision to each
site on quarterly basis using national protocols and checklists to assess clinical compliance. IHI will also
produce patient information brochures and appropriate job aids for service providers.
*END ACTIVITY MODIFICATION*
TITLE: Provider Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC) Training and Scale-Up
Lack of testing and counselling services result in missed opportunities for HIV-infected individuals to obtain
needed treatment and support. Furthermore, the government targets for care and treatment are not
achievable without a shift from volunteer counselling and testing (VCT) to PITC given that there are only
1,027 VCT sites across Tanzania, PITC will lead to a higher uptake of testing, and increase in the number
of infected patients able to access care and treatment. IntraHealth International (IHI), with its experience in
existing CDC and USAID-funded projects in Tanzania, is the best partner to roll out PITC services and
improve referral systems to ART services nationally.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS: IHI has established itself in Tanzania by hiring competent and experienced
Activity Narrative: Tanzanians to manage the PITC project. IHI is currently supporting seven sites that provide PITC services
including training, mentoring, and supervision activities. IHI has facilitated and participated in the
development of national guidelines and training curriculum for PITC. IHI also was part of the Tanzanian
team that went to Botswana to study the implementation of routine HIV testing, and made recommendations
to the GoT on how to scale-up PITC services.
ACTIVITIES:
To expand its efforts, IHI will:
1) Establish PITC services in an additional 10 hospitals and 20 health centers to serve outpatients and
inpatients. More people will know their HIV status, be able to adopt appropriate preventive behaviors, and
initiate ARV treatment. This will be accomplished by: a) integrating PITC services into family planning clinics
in government hospitals; b) strengthening intra- and inter-facility referral systems and community/facility
referral networks, which will ensure that all those testing HIV-positive will be enrolled in the care and
treatment program; and c) procuring HIV test kits as a buffer stock for anticipated stock-outs in the 37
supported facilities.
4. Strengthen risk reduction counseling among both individuals who test positive and individuals who test
negative in order to avert new HIV infections.
5. Strengthen screening for alcohol abuse and gender based violence to address the intersections between
gender-based violence and HIV/AIDS.
District capacity to supervise and train trainers will be enhanced, and each health facility will have trained
staff to provide quality PITC services. Five PITC trainers will be trained per region, a total of 70 health
workers per hospital and 10 health workers per health centre will be trained in PITC, Twelve members of
RHMT per region and 10 members of CHMT per district will be trained in mentoring and supportive
supervision of PITC services.
3) Disseminate PITC policy guidelines in 38 districts to encourage district leaders, CHMT members and
health workers to endorse and use national PITC policy guidelines in their areas of work. IHI will print and
distribute 130,000 copies of the national PITC policy guidelines. In addition, IHI will provide one copy of the
guideline for each health worker undergoing training in PITC and develop and print a Q&A booklet on PITC
in Kiswahili. Orientations will be conducted with three Zonal Training Center teams and a one day
dissemination workshop for district leaders and CHMT members in each district.
4) IHI will advocate for task shifting in HIV testing and counseling services in
counseling services. To accomplish this activity, IHI will: a) develop an advocacy package for task shifting in
HIV testing and counseling that targets policy makers at national level and b) pilot-test the training of lay
counselors in Arumeru and Kasulu districts. Task shifting activities will be conducted with approval from the
National AIDS Control Program (NACP).
5) Provide mentoring and facilitative supervision to 37 health facilities providing PITC services. The PITC
services will comply with the national protocols for safety and human rights, and confidentiality will be
assured. In collaboration with respective R/CHMT, IntraHealth will provide mentoring and facilitative
supervision to each site on quarterly basis.
6) Produce patient information brochures and appropriate job aids for service providers.
LINKAGES: IHI, through its PITC project, has established working relationships with CDC-funded NGOs
providing technical support for care and treatment services. These include ITECH, EGPAF, AIDSRelief,
Columbia/ICAP, and FHI. These agencies will ensure that optimum-quality care and treatment services will
be accessed by patients tested at their facilities, and referred for ART. We will collaborate with R/CHMTs in
mentoring and facilitative supervision of PITC services. Joint visits will be made to maximize the cost
effective use of resources, especially transport.
M&E: All supported sites will use Ministry of Health (MOH) daily registers and monthly summary forms for
VCT and PITC services. This strategy will harmonize recording and reporting of service statistics. Quarterly
reports will be used to analyze trends towards achieving project targets and provide feedback to each site.
IntraHealth will collaborate with NACP and other partners in developing an electronic tool to capture HIV
testing data. The PITC project has allocated 8% of its budget for M&E related activities.
SUSTAINABILITY: To maximize ownership and ensure sustainability of VCT and PITC services, each
region will have its own trainers. This means that even at the end of the project, VCT and PITC trainers will
remain behind to further train other service providers. R/CHMTs will be trained in mentoring and supportive
supervision of PITC services. As the Government puts more emphasis on decentralization, all project
districts will be well prepared to manage VCT and PITC services including the integration of HIV testing and
counseling services into annual comprehensive council health plans.
New/Continuing Activity: Continuing Activity
Continuing Activity: 13498
Continued Associated Activity Information
Activity Activity ID USG Agency Prime Partner Mechanism Mechanism ID Mechanism Planned Funds
System ID System ID
13498 8663.08 HHS/Centers for IntraHealth 6526 5218.08 $1,810,000
Disease Control & International, Inc
Prevention
8663 8663.07 HHS/Centers for IntraHealth 5218 5218.07 $1,050,000
Table 3.3.14:
ACTIVITY NARRATIVE REMAINS UNCHANGED FROM FY 2008.
The funding for this activity has changed from clinical services (HTXS) to Health Systems Strengthening
(OHSS), and as a result the targets have also changed to reflect their contribution to OHSS targets. In FY
2008, this activity did not contribute to HTXS targets.
TITLE:Integrated management of adult illness (IMAI)-based standards on personal digital assistants (PDAs)
to promote quality of care and ARV rollout.
NEED and COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE: The continued expansion of HIV care and treatment in Tanzania
will rely on delivering standardized care through the rigorous use of medical protocols. Standards of care
enable task shifting of routine tasks to less trained health workers in order to address the acute shortage of
clinicians, especially in rural areas. Standards of care also simplify data collection and thus promote
supervision and program management.
Our sub-partner has developed and tested a handheld-computer system to guide health workers through a
clinical assessment derived from the Integrated management of adult illness (IMAI) guidelines. The system
indicates which clients should be referred to a clinician, as well as which routine lab tests are required.
Current work in South Africa suggests this can shift client screening to less trained staff without sacrificing
quality and with the added benefit of point-of-service data capture.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS: IntraHealth International (IHI) has established itself in Tanzania by hiring competent
and experienced Tanzanians to manage the Provider Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC) project. IHI
has facilitated and participated in the development of national guidelines and training curriculum for PITC
IHI was part of the Tanzanian team that went to Botswana to study the implementation of routine HIV
testing and made recommendations to the Government of Tanzania (GoT) on how to scale-up PITC
services. IHI also actively participated in the development of the health sector strategy for HIV/AIDS 2007-
2012.
ACTIVITIES: The goal of project activities for COP 08 is to develop a fully functional PDA based set of
clinical standards that can be rolled out more widely to CTC sites in 2009.
1. Adapt and pilot system for delivering standardized care in CTC clinics on PDAs to help screen clients and
make better use of limited clinical staff. This will provide a tool for use throughout Tanzania and an
assessment of its feasibility and its ability to improve quality of care for a rapid rollout.
1a Hire necessary staff including project manager and local staff.
1b Conduct initial trial at 1-2 CTCs supported by ICAP.
1c Pilot system at 5-10 sites supported by ICAP.
1d Produce a written evaluation of system.
1e Work with MOHSW, NACP, NIMR, and service delivery partners to reach consensus on protocols and
procedures for PDA system.
1f Form working group to focus on PDA based clinical care standards for HIV+ children.
2. Develop software needed for initial trials and program roll out of IMAI clinical care standards. This will
enable pilot activities as well as provide a platform for future delivery of protocols for TB, reproductive
health, etc.
2a Develop open source software code that provides IMAI algorithms on PDA in easy to use format.
2b Improve capacity of University Computing Centre to develop and maintain PDA software.
2c Develop data storage and synchronization methods to link client information on PDA with external
electronic medical record system.
2d Develop tools for generating reports on client status, clinic outputs and inputs and management data
3. Develop training materials, operations manuals and dissemination. This step will support the rollout and
help maintain high quality care across diverse service partners and locations.
3a Develop standardized operating procedures and manuals for rollout.
3b Develop quality assurance systems for rollout to ensure that all clients receive care according to
evidence based standards of care.
3c Develop training curriculum and methodology for health workers and data managers.
3d Develop technical support systems for hardware and software and identify local institutions that can
provide necessary services.
3e Document experience to date for use nationally.
SI Targets HCWs trained - 150 Local organizations given TA - one (1)
LINKAGES: Our sub-partner will engage the NACP, WHO, MOH, and all partners to solicit input, and to
converge on a set of standards for screening clients. They will also work closely with ICAP to pilot the
system. They will form a working group from the partners and GoT to specifically address how this system
can best work for HIV+ pediatric patients. This fits in well with our sub-partner's work in Mtwara with Ifakara
Health Development Research and Development Centre (IHDRC) to field test a computerized version of the
integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) protocols for child health. They will work with University
Computing Centre (UCC) to improve their capacity for PDA applications and I-TECH to develop training
materials. They will also work with National Institutes of Medical Research on evaluating task-shifting
outcomes. They plan to develop PDA-based standards of care in many areas including TB, Child Health,
Reproductive Health, Chronic Disease and other problems of developing countries.
CHECK BOXES: Human Capacity Development/Training and Task-shifting: this project will support task
shifting and simplify training by providing standards of care in an easy to learn/easy to use format.
Local Organization Capacity Building: our sub-partner is working with UCC to develop their ability to support
PDA based programs and training.
Strategic Information (M&E, HMIS, Surveys/Surveillance, Reporting) This project will facilitate the collection
of information by entering client data at the point of care in an electronic format.
Activity Narrative: TB: will be included in the screening protocols.
M&E: In addition to data captured on the PDA, our subpartner will develop a quality assurance system for
client care and measure clients who are correctly or incorrectly screened using the PDA IMAI protocols. We
expect to spend about 7% on M&E.
The following measures will be tracked:
1. activity measures
1a. activities completed
1b. number of providers trained to use PDA system
2. output measures
2a. Number of patients seen using electronic algorithms
2b. Number and % of patients who have NO COMPLICATIONS
2c. Number and % of patients seen by clinician whom CLINICIAN felt were NOT necessary to refer
2d. Number and % of patients seen by clinician whom clinician felt should have been referred sooner.
2e. Number of patients NOT seen by clinician whom clinician felt should have been referred, found from
review of clinical summary.
3. outcome measures
3a. Number and % of patients seen by clinician
3b. time needed for each client encounter using PDA
SUSTAINABLITY: Financial sustainability: There is evidence from Tanzania to suggest that the use of
PDAs to collect client data is both cost effective and practical. In the context of CTCs, the cost of using
PDAs will be offset by the use of nurses and nurse assistants rather than clinicians for client triage. The cost
of capturing and reporting data will be reduced by entering data at the point of care rather than the use of
data entry clerks. The identification of missed appointments defaulters and adherence problems will reduce
drug resistance and the need to use second line treatment regimens.
Institutional sustainability: our sub-partner is developing the capacity of University Computer Centre to
develop and maintain PDA based systems. They are also integrating the IMAI screening with other
screening protocols such as IMCI, reproductive health, TB, and malaria for use throughout the health
system.
Continuing Activity: 16477
16477 16477.08 HHS/Centers for IntraHealth 6526 5218.08 $200,000
Emphasis Areas
Human Capacity Development
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $150,000
Public Health Evaluation
Food and Nutrition: Policy, Tools, and Service Delivery
Food and Nutrition: Commodities
Economic Strengthening
Education
Water
Table 3.3.18:
