PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
Years of mechanism: 2010 2014 2015
Implementing Mechanism Narrative
The MEASURE program implemented by ICF Macro is a headquarters managed mechanism to improve the collection, analysis and dissemination of data for use in planning, policy-making, managing, monitoring and evaluating health, population, HIV and nutrition programs.
ICF Macro has provided technical assistance (TA) for the 1992-93, 1998-99, and 2005-06 rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS). NFHS is a large-scale, multi-round survey, conducted under the stewardship of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India (GOI). All NFHS surveys have included extensive program-relevant information about the knowledge of AIDS and the most recent survey (NFHS-3) greatly expanded the HIV/AIDS content and also provided the first HIV prevalence estimate among the general population in India.
Key Ongoing Activities:
Providing TA and building capacity of the International Institute of Population Sciences (IIPS) and more than 25 field organizations to design and conduct high-quality, national household surveys on health, HIV/AIDS, population, and nutrition throughout India;
Producing field manuals (including manuals for collecting, storing, and transporting blood samples, for HIV testing, and for the safe disposal of bio-hazardous material), laboratory manuals and protocols for HIV testing;
Providing TA in biomarker measurement, including testing blood for HIV.
Key Achievements and Innovations:
NFHS-3 provided the first ever HIV prevalence estimates among the general population of India and for five of the six high prevalence states and Uttar Pradesh. This information has been instrumental in providing more accurate national and global estimates of HIV burden and providing a calibration factor for adjusting annual HIV estimates from the surveillance system.
NFHS-3 provided key information about some of the potential causes of the spread of HIV, including high-risk sexual behavior and the frequency and safety of medical injections. For the first time, the survey included information on men and never married women to give a more complete picture of HIV/AIDS in India.
The National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) decided to introduce Dried Blood Spot (DBS) blood collection and testing in the HIV Surveillance System in all surveillance sites throughout India, using the same methods employed in NFHS-3. ICF Macro provided technical support to the NACO surveillance staff on this methodology.
NEW ACTIVITY NARRATIVE (FY2010)
SUMMARY
The NFHS are large-scale, nationally-representative household surveys that focus on health (including HIV/AIDS), population, and nutrition. In FY2010, the MEASURE Demographic Health Survey (DHS) Phase III project, implemented by ICF Macro, will provide TA for implementation of the fourth round of NFHS-4, including HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and behavior component of the individual interviews, collection of blood for HIV testing, selection and validation of HIV test kits, ethical approvals, and laboratory procedures. The survey will be carried out in every state in India and will provide estimates of key indicators at the state and national level for monitoring and evaluating programs and for providing critical input for policy and program decisions.
ACTIVITIES AND EXPECTED RESULTS
ACTIVITY 1: TA for NFHS-4 will provide estimates for key health and HIV indicators for evidence-based policy-making and programming.
Fieldwork for NFHS-4 is expected to begin in 2011 after the completion of the Indian census. An 18-month planning period is typically required to plan and make arrangements for a large-scale, multi-dimensional survey of this type that is likely to involve collaboration among more than 30 implementing agencies, government ministries, funding agencies, NGOs, and other organizations.
In FY 2009, ICF Macro provided TA for the NFHS-4 primarily in preparing the study protocol, identification of implementing partners, funding agencies and finalizing agreements. During this period, consultations were held with GoI and other key counterparts to finalize the content of the survey as well as the biomarkers to be tested. Assessing the requirements for the protection of human subjects and other ethical considerations and designing quality control mechanisms for survey implementation were undertaken during this phase.
In FY 2010, ICF Macro will continue to provide TA for NFHS-4, primarily in the following areas for the collection, analysis and dissemination of HIV data:
Selection of key survey staff
Sample design and implementation
Questionnaire design and translation into 20 languages
Preparation of field manuals for interviewers, supervisors, and household listing and mapping staff
Preparation of a manual for blood collection and biomarker testing
Preparation of protocols for the review of human subjects' protection by IRBs
Selection of implementing agencies for the fieldwork
Conducting a pretest of all survey procedures
Training of trainers for interviewers and supervisors
Training of health investigators who will collect blood for biomarker tests
Household listing and mapping operations
Identification of suppliers for biomarker supplies and equipment
Procurement of biomarker supplies and equipment
Validation of HIV test kits and tests for other biomarkers
Implementing data quality controls
Arranging for laboratory testing of blood samples for HIV
Preparation of a tabulation plan
Data entry and editing
Data processing
Calculation of sample weights
Production of tables for the preliminary report
Writing and dissemination of the preliminary report
Expected Results:
The data collected in the survey will provide key information for evidence-based decision-making in a wide variety of areas, including knowledge and attitudes about HIV/AIDS, HIV prevalence and high-risk sexual behavior. The wealth of data available from the survey will allow HIV/AIDS to be examined in the context of related information on health, population, and nutrition. The reputation of the NFHS surveys for the collection of consistently high-quality data, and the increasing ownership of the survey by the GoI and other organizations, insures that the data collected will be fully and productively utilized to improve HIV programs.
With respect to sustainability, the NFHS surveys have already trained thousands of interviewers, supervisors, health investigators, survey designers, data processing personnel, and communication experts, many of whom are currently engaged in strategic information roles in HIV programs. NFHS-4 will continue to emphasize capacity-building in conducting high quality health and HIV surveys through on-the-job training, institutional development, and collaboration on research, analysis, and communication activities.
