PEPFAR's annual planning process is done either at the country (COP) or regional level (ROP).
PEPFAR's programs are implemented through implementing partners who apply for funding based on PEPFAR's published Requests for Applications.
Since 2010, PEPFAR COPs have grouped implementing partners according to an organizational type. We have retroactively applied these classifications to earlier years in the database as well.
Also called "Strategic Areas", these are general areas of HIV programming. Each program area has several corresponding budget codes.
Specific areas of HIV programming. Budget Codes are the lowest level of spending data available.
Expenditure Program Areas track general areas of PEPFAR expenditure.
Expenditure Sub-Program Areas track more specific PEPFAR expenditures.
Object classes provide highly specific ways that implementing partners are spending PEPFAR funds on programming.
Cross-cutting attributions are areas of PEPFAR programming that contribute across several program areas. They contain limited indicative information related to aspects such as human resources, health infrastructure, or key populations programming. However, they represent only a small proportion of the total funds that PEPFAR allocates through the COP process. Additionally, they have changed significantly over the years. As such, analysis and interpretation of these data should be approached carefully. Learn more
Beneficiary Expenditure data identify how PEPFAR programming is targeted at reaching different populations.
Sub-Beneficiary Expenditure data highlight more specific populations targeted for HIV prevention and treatment interventions.
PEPFAR sets targets using the Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) System - documentation for which can be found on PEPFAR's website at https://www.pepfar.gov/reports/guidance/. As with most data on this website, the targets here have been extracted from the COP documents. Targets are for the fiscal year following each COP year, such that selecting 2016 will access targets for FY2017. This feature is currently experimental and should be used for exploratory purposes only at present.
Years of mechanism: 2008 2009
AB-focused Prevention Intervention in the Military
ACTIVITY HAS BEEN MODIFIED IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS:
This is a continuing AB focused activity from FY08, linked to OP activity with Ministry of National Defense
Forces of Ethiopia and MARCH Model Activities.
The objective of this intervention is to strengthen and integrate the National Defense Forces of Ethiopia's
(NDFE) HIV/AIDS prevention, care, and treatment programs for soldiers and their dependents through
abstinence and be faithful (AB) activities using the MARCH (Modeling and Reinforcement to Combat
HIV/AIDS) model of behavior change intervention. Research conducted in 2004 among 72,000 urban and
rural male army recruits indicated high HIV prevalence among the armed forces: an overall 7.2% among
urban and 3.8% among rural recruits. Higher education levels in rural recruits were associated with higher
HIV infection. Members of the armed forces come from all parts of Ethiopia. They live a camp lifestyle, away
from family and friends, and are often exposed to rural and urban hotspots. In short, they represent a most
at-risk population groups (MARPS) requiring strong prevention intervention.
MARCH is a behavior-change communications (BCC) strategy promoting HIV prevention behaviors and
community care for people living with HIV (PLWH) and children orphaned by AIDS. The MARCH program
works with the NDFE to develop print-based serial dramas (PSD) in the form of comic books for use in peer
led discussion groups. PSD attempts to reduce risky behaviors by addressing issues of stigma and
discrimination; gender inequality; community support for those infected or affected by the virus; and most
specifically, correct and consistent condom use and early treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STI)
among the armed forces. The comic books employ role models who gradually evolve towards better
behaviors; the audience is encouraged to internalize the messages presented through peer discussion
groups. In these comic books, entertainment is incorporated to evoke emotion, empathy, and character
identification from the audience, while imparting a health message.
A successful achievement has been observed in the implementation of the MARCH project during the time
of FY06, FY07 and FY08. All commands of NDFE were implementing the MARCH project. So far,
1,385,088 copies of PSDs from edition 1 to 13 have been printed and distributed for all commands in NDFE.
More than 10,832 peer leaders were trained and 9760 peer groups were organized and held discussions
consistently every two weeks. Currently, peer leaders use the MARCH handbook as a guide for group
discussions and information sharing; they guide soldiers to reduce their risk of infection through modifying
and shaping beliefs and sexual practices by supportive opinions, ideas and approval of their peers for
applying healthy sexual behavior during the time of discussion on the recent PSD. All peer group
discussions and linked reinforcement activities promote help in adopting safer sexual behaviors, delaying
sex, reducing sexual partners, encourage positive living, and reducing stigma. A year's storylines of each
episode has been developed and the scope and depth of this program was strengthened through
collaboration with Johns Hopkins University Centers for Communication Program (CCP). The capacity of
NDFE has strengthened at different levels to enable NDFE to implement MARCH effectively and efficiently.
Based on the lessons learnt from the first two commands that started MARCH earlier, feedbacks collected
from sites, and high demand created among the other commands, NDFE has successfully scaled up
MARCH in the remaining three commands of NDFE. Now MARCH program has a full coverage to members
of the military. MARCH activities and budgets were decentralized to the command level, which has helped
in addressing problems at the command level. However, due to the scale up of the MARCH at the national
level, targets have significantly increased through community out reach programs. In FY08, 133,470
individuals are reached and 8,900 individuals were trained to promote prevention intervention messages in
the military.
During the past period of MARCH program implementation in NDFE, it is learnt that the production of
printed serial drama every two weeks was difficult. The production of PSDs adjusted from two weeks to a
month and this will help to have enough time and space to the limited number of designers and cartoonists
to do their job. As the PSD production extended to every month, it is true that gap will be created on peer
group discussions every two weeks, however in COP09 gaps created is filled by different linked
reinforcement activities including staged dramas, poem and play presentation, penal discussions and
quizzes. MARCH program in the NDFE is challenging since different divisions of each command settled in a
scattered areas in the periphery of Ethiopian boarders, this created delay in transportation PSD on time,
however gaps created due to geographical location and scattered settlement is addressed through the
commitment of NDFE by dedicating some of their own resources for the implementation of MARCH, this is
indicated by vehicles allocation, and additional human resources.
Due to high mobility in the military workplace, in FY09, additional prevention activities besides MARCH will
be implemented as a continuation of FY08 activities. A number of opportunities and structures exist with in
the system which can be used to build on MARCH's messaging. Music and sports clubs, outreach
development activities, national defense radio programs, and the biweekly newsletter will be used to reach
more target populations within the NDFE.
NDFE will develop or adapt a curriculum to train individuals involved in implementing the above activities to
initiate discussion and distribute communication materials. CCP will also develop a branded communication
campaign of print and electronic materials. Defense Ministry radio will support the program through
interactive talk shows and radio spots. At the grassroots level, peer leaders trained by CCP will implement
the campaign and facilitate discussions.
This activity will leverage the structure and system of the NDFE logistics department, as well as draw
support from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria, and Tuberculosis. This is advantageous in that adding an
alterative approach (in addition to MARCH) does not require much additional technical assistance.
Activity Narrative: This activity will also implement specific campaigns to increase service uptake of voluntary counseling and
testing (VCT), PMTCT, and ART by linking with UCSD. HIV-positive soldiers will share experiences and
become role models, promoting condom use, risk reduction strategies, and prevention with positives.
Soldiers' groups will also be involved in outreach activities to communities surrounding military camps, as
the military population is closely linked to neighboring towns and cities. Military members are MARPs, linked
socially and sexually to other MARPS groups. The activity addresses issues such as male norms,
comprehensive ABC prevention, gender-based violence, and concurrent partnerships.
So far, there is no cure or vaccine for HIV, the only alternative as a vaccine that we have at hand is
promoting and addressing messages geared towards averting new HIV infection, and hence MARCH will
continue to be a tool for our prevention programs to bring sustainable behavioral change and to bring a
change in behavior and to personalize models in the PSD, MARCH will continue with the appropriate
dosage, intensity and coverage to reach uniformed services including NDFE. We are observing early signs
of behavioral change among the military services, after the introduction of the MARCH program, soldiers
are talking and discussing with their spouses, partners and family members about the voluntary testing and
counseling, and asking information about treatment and care services. The implementation of MARCH
program in the military creates demand for service uptake, and the program reinforce the demand through
availing information where they can access voluntary counseling testing, treatment and care. The focus of
PEPFAR and Ethiopian government to widen the service of counseling and testing around the hot spots
areas and urban centers where the epidemic concentrated will help this most at risk population to easily
access the services including treatment.
In general, the following major activities will be implemented in FY09:
1) Provide refresher training to peer leaders in all the commands and peace keeping forces to strengthen
comprehensive HIV/AIDS prevention activities to reach army personnel in the five commands through a
biweekly interactive peer group discussion using the recent printed serial drama;
2) Adopt existing training manual for work with the military, and train additional peer leaders for all five
commands and headquarters
3) Continue the production and distribution of 2,077,632 copies of 26 PSD issues;
4) Conduct linked reinforcement activities through various interactive education programs and discussion
groups at NDFE music and sports clubs, radio programs, newsletters, movies or staged dramas and peer
support structures;
5) Produce and distribute military-specific, information, education, and communication/behavior-change
communication (IEC/BCC) materials on condom use, STI and other issues for peer discussion groups and
insure the enclosure of information regarding VCT service accessibility, referral linkages of care and
treatment services
6) Augment the comic books and fill the gaps identified during the peer discussion groups.
7) Strengthen the AIDS Resource Centers (ARC) at NDFE through procurement of audio-visual materials;
collection and documentation of available IEC materials on HIV-related topics; production of military-specific
IEC materials,; creation of linkages with national ARC; improvement in functionality of the ARC website; and
training on production of IEC/BCC materials;
8) Strengthen established project offices at ten divisions in the five commands, as well as strengthen the
headquarters and command offices with training and material support;
9) Conduct sensitization and review meetings with NDFE officials at headquarters and command level
10) Capacity building and training for project staff and NDFE staff at different levels (headquarters,
command, division, regiment, and unit).
11) Strengthen the link between MARCH and HIV services to increase service utilization and treatment
adherence through reinforcement activities
12) Build the capacity of NDFE Media (Print, Radio and Audio visual media) for better reporting of HIV/AIDS
educational messages, advocacy of HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment services
13) Strengthen the established collaborations with University of California at San Diego (UCSD) and
Department of Defense (DOD), and organize activities to increase service uptake of ART, VCT, STI, TB,
and HIV/AIDS
14) Monitor and evaluate activities, including supportive supervision and outcome evaluation. The funding
for the outcome evaluation will come through the CCP MARCH technical assistance budget. CCP will hire a
consultant to conduct the evaluation of NDFE MARCH.
Since these activities are designed to reach the military population with a comprehensive ABC message, all
targets will be counted under other prevention, though abstinence and being faithful is a significant part of
the comprehensive prevention program.
New/Continuing Activity: Continuing Activity
Continuing Activity: 16717
Continued Associated Activity Information
Activity Activity ID USG Agency Prime Partner Mechanism Mechanism ID Mechanism Planned Funds
System ID System ID
16717 5634.08 HHS/Centers for Ministry of 7520 2250.08 Improving $500,000
Disease Control & National Defense, HIV/AIDS/STI/T
Prevention Ethiopia B Prevention
and Care
Activities
10578 5634.07 HHS/Centers for Ministry of 5544 2250.07 $260,000
Disease Control & National Defense,
Prevention Ethiopia
5634 5634.06 HHS/Centers for Ministry of 3782 2250.06 $144,000
Emphasis Areas
Gender
* Addressing male norms and behaviors
Military Populations
Human Capacity Development
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $55,000
Public Health Evaluation
Food and Nutrition: Policy, Tools, and Service Delivery
Food and Nutrition: Commodities
Economic Strengthening
Education
Water
Table 3.3.02:
Strengthening National Defense Forces of Ethiopia's (NDFE) HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care, and Treatment
Programs
This is a continuing OP focused activity from FY08, linked to AB activity with Ministry of National Defense
of FY06, FY07 and FY08. All commands of NDFE are implementing the MARCH project. So far, 1,385,088
copies of PSDs from edition 1 to 13 are printed and distributed for all commands in NDFE, more than
10,832 peer leaders were trained, and 9760 peer groups were organized and hold discussions consistently
every two weeks. Currently, peer leaders use the MARCH handbook as a guide for group discussions and
information sharing; they guide soldiers to reduce their risk of infection through modifying and shaping
beliefs and sexual practices by supportive opinions, ideas and approval of their peers for applying healthy
sexual behavior during the time of discussion on the recent PSD. All peer group discussions and linked
reinforcement activities promote help to adopt safer sexual behaviors, delaying sex, reducing sexual
partners, encourage positive living, and reducing stigma. A year's storyline of each episode has been
developed and the scope and depth of this program was strengthened through collaboration with Johns
Hopkins University Centers for Communication Program (CCP). The capacity of NDFE has strengthened at
different levels to enable NDFE to implement MARCH effectively and efficiently.
Based on the lessons learnt from the 1st two commands that started MARCH earlier, feedbacks collected
level, in effect targets have significantly increased through community out reach programs. In FY08,
133,470 individuals are reached and 8,900 individuals were trained to promote prevention intervention
messages in the military
This activity will leverage the structure and system designed for MARCH and resources of the NDFE
logistics department, as well as support from the Global Fund for AIDS, Malaria, and Tuberculosis. This is
advantageous in that adding an alterative approach (in addition to MARCH) does not require much
additional technical assistance.
Soldiers' groups will also do outreach to communities surrounding military camps, as the military population
is closely linked to neighboring towns and cities. Military members are MARPs, linked socially and sexually
to other MARPS groups. The activity addresses issues such as male norms, comprehensive ABC
prevention, gender-based violence, and concurrent partnerships.
3) continue the production and distribution of 2,077,632 copies of 26 PSD issues;
communication (IEC/BCC) materials on condom use, STI and other issues for peer discussion groups.
Augment the comic books and fill the gaps identified during the peer discussion groups and insure the
enclosure information regarding VCT service accessibility, referral linkages of care and treatment services
6) Strengthen the AIDS Resource Centers (ARC) at NDFE through: procurement of audio-visual materials;
7) Strengthen established project offices at ten divisions in the five commands, as well as strengthen the
8) Conduct sensitization and review meetings with NDFE officials at headquarters and command level
9) Capacity building and training for project staff and NDFE staff at different levels (headquarters,
10) Strengthen the link between MARCH and HIV services to increase service utilization and treatment
11) Build the capacity of NDFE Medias (Print, Radio and Audio visual media) for better reporting of
HIV/AIDS educational messages, advocacy of HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment services
12) Strengthen the established collaborations with University of California at San Diego (UCSD) and
12) Monitor and evaluate activities, including supportive supervision and outcome evaluation. The funding
targets will be counted under other prevention, though abstinence and be faithful is a significant part of the
comprehensive prevention program.
Continuing Activity: 16718
16718 5635.08 HHS/Centers for Ministry of 7520 2250.08 Improving $600,000
10579 5635.07 HHS/Centers for Ministry of 5544 2250.07 $220,000
5635 5635.06 HHS/Centers for Ministry of 3782 2250.06 $336,000
Estimated amount of funding that is planned for Human Capacity Development $60,000
Table 3.3.03:
